Question 1

A stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response over time is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcer. 
B)  negative stimulant. 
C)  punisher. 
D)  discriminative stimulus. 
E)  response cost. 
A)  positive reinforcer. 
B)  negative stimulant. 
C)  punisher. 
D)  discriminative stimulus. 
E)  response cost.

Question 2

Research indicates that classical conditioning provides two types of information about future events. According to the text, these are

Accepted Answer

A)  the how and the where. 
B)  the which and the who. 
C)  the what and the when. 
D)  the why and the wherefore. 
E)  the where and the which. 
A)  the how and the where. 
B)  the which and the who. 
C)  the what and the when. 
D)  the why and the wherefore. 
E)  the where and the which.

Question 3

The prevention of learning that occurs with a neutral CS when it is conditioned in the presence of a previously conditioned CS, is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibitory conditioning. 
B)  blocking. 
C)  excitatory conditioning. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  attenuation. 
A)  inhibitory conditioning. 
B)  blocking. 
C)  excitatory conditioning. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  attenuation.

Question 4

Buskist & Miller's operant experiment with human subjects indicates that when instructions are ambiguous, then the person's behaviour will tend to be

Accepted Answer

A)  inefficient. 
B)  consistent with the reinforcement schedule that is in effect. 
C)  at first efficient, but then inefficient. 
D)  very efficient. 
E)  at first inefficient, but then efficient. 
A)  inefficient. 
B)  consistent with the reinforcement schedule that is in effect. 
C)  at first efficient, but then inefficient. 
D)  very efficient. 
E)  at first inefficient, but then efficient.

Question 5

__________ is an adaptive process in which the tendency to perform a particular behaviour is changed by experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  Training 
B)  Learning 
C)  Responsiveness 
D)  Shaping 
E)  Acquisition 
A)  Training 
B)  Learning 
C)  Responsiveness 
D)  Shaping 
E)  Acquisition

Question 6

Putting an umbrella up to avoid getting wet is an example of what process in action?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  response cost 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  discrimination 
E)  habituation 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  response cost 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  discrimination 
E)  habituation

Question 7

If an aspect of a subject's behaviour is first conditioned using a strong unconditional stimulus but later conditioned using a weaker unconditional stimulus, what happens to the conditional response?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases. 
B)  It becomes stronger. 
C)  It becomes weaker. 
D)  It stays about the same. 
E)  It increases gradually over time. 
A)  It increases. 
B)  It becomes stronger. 
C)  It becomes weaker. 
D)  It stays about the same. 
E)  It increases gradually over time.

Question 8

When Bernstein gave a novel root beer flavoured candy to cancer patients about to undergo their first chemotherapy session, patients showed a conditioned flavour aversion to

Accepted Answer

A)  that type of candy only. 
B)  their normal food. 
C)  all types of candy. 
D)  both that type of candy and their normal food. 
E)  root beers generally. 
A)  that type of candy only. 
B)  their normal food. 
C)  all types of candy. 
D)  both that type of candy and their normal food. 
E)  root beers generally.

Question 9

Suppose that a young child likes to play with building blocks in the family's den. Sometimes while playing with the blocks she misbehaves. When she does this, her mother and father tell her that she can no longer play with her blocks and that she must go to her bedroom for a while. The behavioural technique that the parents employ as a consequence of their daughter's actions is called

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  time-out from positive reinforcement. 
E)  discrimination. 
A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  time-out from positive reinforcement. 
E)  discrimination.

Question 10

The process by which a response normally elicited by one stimulus comes to be controlled by another stimulus is called

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  vicarious learning. 
E)  respondent conditioning. 
A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  vicarious learning. 
E)  respondent conditioning.

Question 11

Once conclusion from research on insightful behaviour is that the term 'insight' itself helps us to explain the phenomenon, as the nominal fallacy would lead us to expect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Most aversive stimuli tend to elicit

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned responses. 
B)  protective or defensive responses. 
C)  sympathy from others. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
E)  a search for positive reinforcement. 
A)  conditioned responses. 
B)  protective or defensive responses. 
C)  sympathy from others. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
E)  a search for positive reinforcement.

Question 13

A stimulus that acquires its punishing properties through classical conditioning is termed a(n) __________ punisher.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned 
B)  unconditioned 
C)  primary 
D)  learned 
E)  shaped 
A)  conditioned 
B)  unconditioned 
C)  primary 
D)  learned 
E)  shaped

Question 14

Skinner's invention of the operant chamber and cumulative recorder marked an advance over Thorndike's apparatus in that

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects could now live in the experimental situation. 
B)  the subjects did not have to be handled too often; they could also emit responses freely. 
C)  the speed of escaping the puzzle box could be more accurately recorded. 
D)  the response rate could be measured and figured into a formula that calculates statistical significance. 
E)  researchers could now have complete control of the operant response. 
A)  subjects could now live in the experimental situation. 
B)  the subjects did not have to be handled too often; they could also emit responses freely. 
C)  the speed of escaping the puzzle box could be more accurately recorded. 
D)  the response rate could be measured and figured into a formula that calculates statistical significance. 
E)  researchers could now have complete control of the operant response.

Question 15

Thorndike found that the animals in his research

Accepted Answer

A)  learned to escape confinement almost immediately after each session started. 
B)  had difficulty learning to escape at first, but then, in a flash of insight, learned to do so. 
C)  gradually took less and less time to escape as the experiment progressed. 
D)  only learned to escape confinement with great difficulty. 
E)  were not able to learn how to escape confinement. 
A)  learned to escape confinement almost immediately after each session started. 
B)  had difficulty learning to escape at first, but then, in a flash of insight, learned to do so. 
C)  gradually took less and less time to escape as the experiment progressed. 
D)  only learned to escape confinement with great difficulty. 
E)  were not able to learn how to escape confinement.

Question 16

Several years ago you were bitten by a friend's dog. Since then you have been afraid of dogs and other animals that resemble dogs. Your reaction is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  innate fear of animals that most people have. 
B)  classically conditioned emotional response. 
C)  irrational fear of pain. 
D)  vivid memory of the dog's attack. 
E)  operantly conditioned fear of pain. 
A)  innate fear of animals that most people have. 
B)  classically conditioned emotional response. 
C)  irrational fear of pain. 
D)  vivid memory of the dog's attack. 
E)  operantly conditioned fear of pain.

Question 17

The reappearance of the CR in the next experimental session following a period of extinction is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  discrimination. 
D)  spontaneous recovery. 
E)  habituation. 
A)  generalization. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  discrimination. 
D)  spontaneous recovery. 
E)  habituation.

Question 18

In Ward Robinson's study, a light was paired with a sound which pigeons learned was a conditional stimulus (CS) predicting the delivery of grain. The pigeons treated the light as if it

Accepted Answer

A)  had the properties of the UCS. 
B)  was another CR. 
C)  had no relationship to the UCS. 
D)  was unrelated to the CS. 
E)  had the properties of the UCR. 
A)  had the properties of the UCS. 
B)  was another CR. 
C)  had no relationship to the UCS. 
D)  was unrelated to the CS. 
E)  had the properties of the UCR.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a response cost in action?

Accepted Answer

A)  putting down an umbrella when it stops raining 
B)  patting your dog when he obeys you 
C)  taking an aspirin to get rid of a headache 
D)  a mother speaking sharply to her naughty child 
E)  being fined for driving too fast 
A)  putting down an umbrella when it stops raining 
B)  patting your dog when he obeys you 
C)  taking an aspirin to get rid of a headache 
D)  a mother speaking sharply to her naughty child 
E)  being fined for driving too fast

Question 20

Hebb suggested that at the cellular level the repeated simultaneous activation of two neurons, one by the UCS and the other by the CS, will lead to a strengthening of the synaptic connection between the two neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

A stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response over time is called a

Research indicates that classical conditioning provides two types of information about future events. According to the text, these are

The prevention of learning that occurs with a neutral CS when it is conditioned in the presence of a previously conditioned CS, is termed

Buskist & Miller's operant experiment with human subjects indicates that when instructions are ambiguous, then the person's behaviour will tend to be

__________ is an adaptive process in which the tendency to perform a particular behaviour is changed by experience.

Putting an umbrella up to avoid getting wet is an example of what process in action?

If an aspect of a subject's behaviour is first conditioned using a strong unconditional stimulus but later conditioned using a weaker unconditional stimulus, what happens to the conditional response?

When Bernstein gave a novel root beer flavoured candy to cancer patients about to undergo their first chemotherapy session, patients showed a conditioned flavour aversion to

The process by which a response normally elicited by one stimulus comes to be controlled by another stimulus is called

Once conclusion from research on insightful behaviour is that the term 'insight' itself helps us to explain the phenomenon, as the nominal fallacy would lead us to expect.

Most aversive stimuli tend to elicit

A stimulus that acquires its punishing properties through classical conditioning is termed a(n) __________ punisher.

Skinner's invention of the operant chamber and cumulative recorder marked an advance over Thorndike's apparatus in that

Thorndike found that the animals in his research

Several years ago you were bitten by a friend's dog. Since then you have been afraid of dogs and other animals that resemble dogs. Your reaction is an example of a(n)

The reappearance of the CR in the next experimental session following a period of extinction is termed

In Ward Robinson's study, a light was paired with a sound which pigeons learned was a conditional stimulus (CS) predicting the delivery of grain. The pigeons treated the light as if it

Which of the following is an example of a response cost in action?

Hebb suggested that at the cellular level the repeated simultaneous activation of two neurons, one by the UCS and the other by the CS, will lead to a strengthening of the synaptic connection between the two neurons.

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Exam 7: Learning and Behaviour

A stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response over time is called a

Research indicates that classical conditioning provides two types of information about future events. According to the text, these are

The prevention of learning that occurs with a neutral CS when it is conditioned in the presence of a previously conditioned CS, is termed

Buskist & Miller's operant experiment with human subjects indicates that when instructions are ambiguous, then the person's behaviour will tend to be

__________ is an adaptive process in which the tendency to perform a particular behaviour is changed by experience.

Putting an umbrella up to avoid getting wet is an example of what process in action?

If an aspect of a subject's behaviour is first conditioned using a strong unconditional stimulus but later conditioned using a weaker unconditional stimulus, what happens to the conditional response?

When Bernstein gave a novel root beer flavoured candy to cancer patients about to undergo their first chemotherapy session, patients showed a conditioned flavour aversion to

The process by which a response normally elicited by one stimulus comes to be controlled by another stimulus is called

Once conclusion from research on insightful behaviour is that the term 'insight' itself helps us to explain the phenomenon, as the nominal fallacy would lead us to expect.

Most aversive stimuli tend to elicit

A stimulus that acquires its punishing properties through classical conditioning is termed a(n) __________ punisher.

Skinner's invention of the operant chamber and cumulative recorder marked an advance over Thorndike's apparatus in that

Thorndike found that the animals in his research

Several years ago you were bitten by a friend's dog. Since then you have been afraid of dogs and other animals that resemble dogs. Your reaction is an example of a(n)

The reappearance of the CR in the next experimental session following a period of extinction is termed

In Ward Robinson's study, a light was paired with a sound which pigeons learned was a conditional stimulus (CS) predicting the delivery of grain. The pigeons treated the light as if it

Which of the following is an example of a response cost in action?

Hebb suggested that at the cellular level the repeated simultaneous activation of two neurons, one by the UCS and the other by the CS, will lead to a strengthening of the synaptic connection between the two neurons.

The Science of Psychology

The Ways and Means of Psychology

Evolution, Heredity, and Behaviour

Biology of Behaviour

Sensation

Perception

Memory

Consciousness

Language

Intelligence and Thinking

Lifespan Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Lifestyle, Stress, and Health

The Nature and Causes of Psychological Disorders

The Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters