Exam 7: Learning and Behaviour

A teacher decides to hold sudden and unannounced quizzes five time during the term in the hope this intervention will increase attendance in her classes. She is using a __________ schedule of reinforcement to change her pupils' behaviour.

In operant conditioning which of the following involves a decrease in the frequency of a response?

The dependent variable in most operant conditioning studies is

The reinforcement schedule that produces the LEAST amount of resistance to extinction is which of the following?

In negative reinforcement procedure, an organism's responses

Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy sometimes develop flavour-aversions to foods they normally eat. Such aversions can be lessened or eliminated if the last thing the patients eat before the chemotherapy treatment is a piece of candy. An aversion now develops to the flavour of the candy.

The finding that people's ratings of photographs was affected by associating the photographs with pleasant or unpleasant odours suggests that

Describe the role of instructions in controlling human behaviour.

In short-term habituation, an animal that has been habituated to a stimulus will respond to it again if tested after a few days.

Describe the role of classical conditioning in conditioned reinforcement and punishment.

Since your dog died you have found tears come into your eyes every time you hear the song "I love that dog"which was always a favourite. But what really surprises you, is that you find tears in your eyes now when any song mentions dogs. In classical conditioning terms this is an example of

An example of a stimulus that acquires its desirable properties because of its association with other desirable stimuli is

Short-term habituation

Garcia and Koelling's research on flavour-aversion learning demonstrated that

If a response is reinforced, on average, after every 35 responses, what kind of reinforcement schedule is in effect?

Sam bought a new TV. At first, every time a phone rang on the TV Sam got up thinking it was his phone. However, within a couple of weeks this didn't happen at all because he had been through the classical conditioning process of

Reinforcing behaviours that successively approximate the desired response is called

Suppose that you buy a new computer. The fan on this computer is louder than the one on the computer you had been using. At first the hum of the fan bothers you, but after a few weeks you don't notice it any more. Getting used to the fan's noise in this way is an example of habituation.

A chewing gum manufacturer has a widespread TV advertising campaign that show beautiful people consuming their product. Having seen these ads over a few weeks, you find yourself attracted to the chewing gum next time you are in a corner store. In this classical conditioning example __________ is the unconditional stimulus.

Escape responses are to __________ as avoidance responses are to __________.