Exam 8: The Development of Behavior

In the case of the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius), a characteristic of the environment during incubation that has been found to have a profound effect not only on sex determination but on the adult's later choice in mates is

Before their migration to the sea and during a sensitive period, juvenile Atlantic salmon learn

If you have performed a cross-fostering experiment, you would have evidence that sexual imprinting had occurred if the subject later displayed a mating preference for

"Imprinting" is a translation of Lorenz's original term Pragung and describes

Champalbert and Lachaud concluded from their 1990 experiment with E. tuberculatum worker ants that the reintroduction of workers after having been isolated at emergence mimics an emergence and delays closure of the sensitive period for social contact with colony members. This provides additional support for the need for change in Lorenz's original definition of "critical period" in the area of

Zebra finches display sex differences in both organization of song nuclei in the brain and in singing behavior. This appears to be the result of both the organizational and the activational effects of hormones in that

In a study by Bateson (1983), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were reared with siblings and later tested for mate preference from among five types: (1) familiar sibling, (2) novel sibling, (3) novel first cousin, (4) novel third cousin, or (5) novel unrelated individual. Both male and female quail subjects preferred individuals who had characteristics that were

A behavior known as stone handling, performed by some adult Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), is believed to be most closely related to which of the following hypothesized functions of play behavior?

Differences in postnatal environment, such as being reared in an enriched environment as opposed to a less complex one, can produce differences in

Which of the following statements about filial imprinting and sexual imprinting is TRUE?

Questions such as: what role do visual, auditory, or social stimuli play in the emergence of a behavior? or, what happens when a behavior ceases to be part of the individual's behavioral repertoire? or, does a particular behavior always proceed in a predictable and reliable fashion among individuals in the species? are examples of which of Niko Tinbergen's four main types of questions that should be asked about behavior?

Play is probably best viewed as

Nonhuman primates living in settings characterized as lacking physical and social complexity often develop abnormal or stereotypic behaviors. The current preferred method for treating such behavior problems is

While developing within its egg, a bird is exposed to androgens deposited into the yolk by its mother while the egg formed in her ovaries. First-laid eggs have the lowest androgen levels, with levels increasing with each egg laid; thus, first-laid eggs can be used in experimental manipulations. When black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) from an experimental group (birds hatched from first-laid eggs injected with androgens and sesame oil) were compared with those from a control group (those hatched from first-laid eggs injected only with sesame oil), the experimental birds exhibited

The sensitive period for development of maternal selectivity extends from parturition to perhaps 1 or 2 hours postpartum. Thus, this sensitive period appears to

A male songbird's eventual song repertoire may be influenced by

Champalbert and Lachaud's 1990 study that examined the effects of a 10-day period of social isolation on behavioral development in worker Neotropical ants (Ectatomma tuberculatum) showed that