Exam 5: Learning and Cognition

Takeda (1961) demonstrated that a honey bee would rapidly learn to extend its proboscis in the presence of an odor when the odor is presented in conjunction with sucrose. Extending the proboscis when presented with the odor alone is an example of a(n)

When Karen Hollis (1997) conditioned a male blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) to expect the arrival of a female, the male

Clark's nutcrackers live in high elevation forests and survive winters almost entirely on stored seeds. Pinyon jays live in lower elevation woodlands, with 70% - 90% of their winter diet coming from cached seeds. For scrub jays, about 60% of their winter diet is comprised of cached seeds. When tested in a lab for spatial memory, how did the different species perform?

Metzgar (1967) released pairs of white-footed mice into a room with a screech owl. One of the pair had been given the opportunity to explore the room for a few days before the experimental session. The other mouse had no prior experience in the room. On 13 of the 17 trials, the owl caught a mouse. Only two of these were from the group that was familiar with the room. These results provide evidence for

A type of learning in which an animal learns not to respond to a stimulus (or stimuli) is known as

If you are just beginning to train your dog to sit on command, you should use a(n) ______ reinforcement schedule.

Habituation may occur within the context of interactions within a species, for example, territorial behavior. Which of the following statements regarding habituation is TRUE?

Pressing against a horse's ribcage with your legs until he begins to walk forward is an example of

Dawson and Foss (1965) taught budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) one of three techniques for opening a food dish: using their feet, pecking with their bills, or pulling with their bills. Other budgies watched a particular demonstrator open a dish. When presented with a similar dish, the observer budgie used the same technique it had witnessed earlier. The observer budgie was displaying

Placing a harmless, odorless mark to some area of the face, and placing food behind a barrier so that only one of two animals can see it are techniques that have been devised to measure an animal's ability in

In Pavlov's experiment in which both a bell and meat powder came to elicit salivation, the meat powder is call the _____ and the bell is the _____.

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) that had been forced to use their ability to learn, i.e., that had been selected for generations for their learning ability

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were artificially selected on the basis of having formed an association between either pineapple or orange flavors and quinine. After 15 generations, flies from selected lines were able to learn the task faster than control flies. What was it, specifically, that they were learning "faster"?

Habituation has proven to be a very useful tool for studying cognitive processes in nonverbal subjects, such as animals and human infants. This is because it allows the experimenter to know if the subject can

Animal X observes a conspecific obtain a desirable food item from a box, using a particular technique. When provided with an opportunity to obtain food from an identical box, Animal X directs attention to the same areas of the food box that the demonstrator conspecific had, but uses a different technique to open the box. Animal X is displaying

The subject looks at the lure, then slowly scans along the horizontal features of the potential route. If the route ends, the subject turns back to look at the lure again, and repeats the scanning process. The subject being described in this study was a

Crows and ravens have demonstrated a wide variety of tool using behaviors. That many of those behaviors involve "insight" is suggested by

If a CS is presented repeatedly without being re-paired with the UCS the result will be

Clark's nutcrackers live in high elevation forests and survive winters almost entirely on stored seeds. Pinyon jays live in lower elevation woodlands, with 70% - 90% of their winter diet coming from cached seeds. For scrub jays, about 60% of their winter diet is comprised of cached seeds. When presented with a non-spatial task based on color, how did the different species perform?

Habituation is believed to be an adaptive process because it