Question 1

Two populations that are not completely isolated from one another may become more similar over time because of

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  phenotypic variation. 
D)  recombination. 
A)  gene flow. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  phenotypic variation. 
D)  recombination.

Question 2

Negative assortative mating preserves genetic variation in a population by producing a situation in which

Accepted Answer

A)  "birds of a feather flock together." 
B)  "opposites attract." 
C)  individuals tend to choose mates with phenotypes similar to their own. 
D)  inbreeding tends to occur more often than chance. 
A)  "birds of a feather flock together." 
B)  "opposites attract." 
C)  individuals tend to choose mates with phenotypes similar to their own. 
D)  inbreeding tends to occur more often than chance.

Question 3

Shifts in gene frequency

Accepted Answer

A)  are always due to chance. 
B)  are not possible, according to a well known genetic law. 
C)  form the basic process of evolution. 
D)  were first identified by Darwin. 
A)  are always due to chance. 
B)  are not possible, according to a well known genetic law. 
C)  form the basic process of evolution. 
D)  were first identified by Darwin.

Question 4

The comparative approach identifies correlations between traits and ecological variables. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  differences in behavior between two related species may be due to natural selection. 
B)  the correlations identified in one comparative study become more convincing if they later allow behavior to be predicted in a previously unstudied group. 
C)  traits of related species are compared in different ecological settings. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  differences in behavior between two related species may be due to natural selection. 
B)  the correlations identified in one comparative study become more convincing if they later allow behavior to be predicted in a previously unstudied group. 
C)  traits of related species are compared in different ecological settings. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 5

Traits that have evolved because they allow individuals to survive and reproduce better than their competitors are called

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptations. 
B)  advancements. 
C)  alleles. 
D)  artificial selections. 
A)  adaptations. 
B)  advancements. 
C)  alleles. 
D)  artificial selections.

Question 6

An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is

Accepted Answer

A)  a somewhat "expensive" strategy because it demands significant cognitive abilities to be effective. 
B)  a strategy that is effective as long as all members of the population behave in an "honest" fashion. 
C)  a strategy that maximizes the reproductive fitness of the most highly adapted individuals in the group. 
D)  a strategy that, when adopted by nearly all members of a population, cannot be beaten by a different strategy. 
A)  a somewhat "expensive" strategy because it demands significant cognitive abilities to be effective. 
B)  a strategy that is effective as long as all members of the population behave in an "honest" fashion. 
C)  a strategy that maximizes the reproductive fitness of the most highly adapted individuals in the group. 
D)  a strategy that, when adopted by nearly all members of a population, cannot be beaten by a different strategy.

Question 7

A particular riparian population of spiders described in the text displayed more variability in their behavior, e.g., more of the highly aggressive territorial behavior typical of desert spiders, than was usual for riparian spiders. This was because this population

Accepted Answer

A)  experienced an abrupt shift in its environment. 
B)  had become geographically isolated from other riparian populations for a long time. 
C)  suffered from a mutation caused by pesticides. 
D)  was not completely isolated from a population of desert spiders. 
A)  experienced an abrupt shift in its environment. 
B)  had become geographically isolated from other riparian populations for a long time. 
C)  suffered from a mutation caused by pesticides. 
D)  was not completely isolated from a population of desert spiders.

Question 8

The strongest conclusions regarding the role of phylogeny in adaptations would come from

Accepted Answer

A)  an examination of multiple species with a shared phylogeny found in different environments. 
B)  an examination of multiple species with multiple evolutionary origins found in different environments. 
C)  being able to construct the phylogeny from morphological traits rather than having to resort to use of DNA. 
D)  being able to map a series of behavioral traits onto a known phylogeny. 
A)  an examination of multiple species with a shared phylogeny found in different environments. 
B)  an examination of multiple species with multiple evolutionary origins found in different environments. 
C)  being able to construct the phylogeny from morphological traits rather than having to resort to use of DNA. 
D)  being able to map a series of behavioral traits onto a known phylogeny.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of frequency-dependent selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blue jays prey on the most common form of moth until it becomes less common, and then they switch to an alternative form. 
B)  Female guppies choose males with novel color patterns over males with a familiar color pattern. 
C)  Male Texas field crickets that don't call very much may be more reproductively successful when parasitoid flies are common than are males that call much more frequently. 
D)  Many New Zealand birds do not have antipredator skills and may even alight near dangerous animals. 
A)  Blue jays prey on the most common form of moth until it becomes less common, and then they switch to an alternative form. 
B)  Female guppies choose males with novel color patterns over males with a familiar color pattern. 
C)  Male Texas field crickets that don't call very much may be more reproductively successful when parasitoid flies are common than are males that call much more frequently. 
D)  Many New Zealand birds do not have antipredator skills and may even alight near dangerous animals.

Question 10

When directional selection persists over time we expect

Accepted Answer

A)  an eventual decrease in genetic variation within the population. 
B)  an initial response in the population to the new environmental pressure, and then a flattening out of the response after several generations. 
C)  the population to become adapted to the new environment. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  an eventual decrease in genetic variation within the population. 
B)  an initial response in the population to the new environmental pressure, and then a flattening out of the response after several generations. 
C)  the population to become adapted to the new environment. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 11

Traits may be correlated with one another rather than evolving completely independently. This may happen because

Accepted Answer

A)  a single gene, such as a regulatory gene, may affect several traits. 
B)  genes for two traits may be located at analogous sites on different chromosomes. 
C)  the effect of such trait combinations is consistently positive. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  a single gene, such as a regulatory gene, may affect several traits. 
B)  genes for two traits may be located at analogous sites on different chromosomes. 
C)  the effect of such trait combinations is consistently positive. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 12

Before natural selection can operate upon a population, organisms within a species must show

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive incompatibility. 
B)  some variability. 
C)  the same genotype. 
D)  the same phenotype. 
A)  reproductive incompatibility. 
B)  some variability. 
C)  the same genotype. 
D)  the same phenotype.

Question 13

"Microevolution" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a large scale evolutionary change over geological time. 
B)  an evolutionary change within a species. 
C)  the change within an individual as it develops during its lifetime. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  a large scale evolutionary change over geological time. 
B)  an evolutionary change within a species. 
C)  the change within an individual as it develops during its lifetime. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 14

When we observe a population with a trait that does not appear to be adaptive, it may be because

Accepted Answer

A)  the population has been pushed by habitat destruction to the extreme edge of its normal range. 
B)  the population is being exposed to a novel species, such as a new predator, introduced intentionally or by accident. 
C)  there is a time lag between natural selection and its effects. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  the population has been pushed by habitat destruction to the extreme edge of its normal range. 
B)  the population is being exposed to a novel species, such as a new predator, introduced intentionally or by accident. 
C)  there is a time lag between natural selection and its effects. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 15

"Natural selection" differs from "artificial selection" in that natural selection

Accepted Answer

A)  is capable of long-range planning. 
B)  is imposed by humans with particular goals in mind. 
C)  is not goal directed. 
D)  operates only on domestic animals. 
A)  is capable of long-range planning. 
B)  is imposed by humans with particular goals in mind. 
C)  is not goal directed. 
D)  operates only on domestic animals.

Question 16

What is the major problem associated with the application of optimality theory to the study of animal behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is virtually impossible to find a common unit in which to translate all costs and benefits. 
B)  It is easy to measure the benefits of a behavior but very difficult to measure its costs. 
C)  It is not possible to determine the number of offspring that might have existed if the parent had behaved in a different fashion. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  It is virtually impossible to find a common unit in which to translate all costs and benefits. 
B)  It is easy to measure the benefits of a behavior but very difficult to measure its costs. 
C)  It is not possible to determine the number of offspring that might have existed if the parent had behaved in a different fashion. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 17

Gene flow is

Accepted Answer

A)  a kind of genetic "leakage" within a population that reduces variability. 
B)  a tendency for the intensity of a phenotype to be reduced over time within a single population. 
C)  genes moving between two populations that are not completely isolated from one another. 
D)  responsible for sharpening differences between two populations. 
A)  a kind of genetic "leakage" within a population that reduces variability. 
B)  a tendency for the intensity of a phenotype to be reduced over time within a single population. 
C)  genes moving between two populations that are not completely isolated from one another. 
D)  responsible for sharpening differences between two populations.

Two populations that are not completely isolated from one another may become more similar over time because of

Negative assortative mating preserves genetic variation in a population by producing a situation in which

Shifts in gene frequency

The comparative approach identifies correlations between traits and ecological variables. This means that

Traits that have evolved because they allow individuals to survive and reproduce better than their competitors are called

An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is

A particular riparian population of spiders described in the text displayed more variability in their behavior, e.g., more of the highly aggressive territorial behavior typical of desert spiders, than was usual for riparian spiders. This was because this population

The strongest conclusions regarding the role of phylogeny in adaptations would come from

Which of the following is NOT an example of frequency-dependent selection?

When directional selection persists over time we expect

Traits may be correlated with one another rather than evolving completely independently. This may happen because

Before natural selection can operate upon a population, organisms within a species must show

"Microevolution" refers to

When we observe a population with a trait that does not appear to be adaptive, it may be because

"Natural selection" differs from "artificial selection" in that natural selection

What is the major problem associated with the application of optimality theory to the study of animal behavior?

Gene flow is

Introduction

Approaches to the Study of Animal Behavior

Genetic Analysis of Behavior

Learning and Cognition

Physiological Analysis-Nerve Cells and Behavior

Physiological Analysis of Behavior- the Endocrine System

The Development of Behavior

Biological Clocks

Mechanisms of Orientation and Behavior

The Ecology and Evolution of Spiral Distribution

Foraging Behavior

Antipredator Behavior

Reproductive Behavior

Parental Care and Mating Systems

Communications: Channels and Functions

The Evolution of Communication

Conflict

Group Living, Altruism, and Cooperation

Filters

Exam 4: Natural Selection and Behavior

Two populations that are not completely isolated from one another may become more similar over time because of

Negative assortative mating preserves genetic variation in a population by producing a situation in which

Shifts in gene frequency

The comparative approach identifies correlations between traits and ecological variables. This means that

Traits that have evolved because they allow individuals to survive and reproduce better than their competitors are called

An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is

A particular riparian population of spiders described in the text displayed more variability in their behavior, e.g., more of the highly aggressive territorial behavior typical of desert spiders, than was usual for riparian spiders. This was because this population

The strongest conclusions regarding the role of phylogeny in adaptations would come from

Which of the following is NOT an example of frequency-dependent selection?

When directional selection persists over time we expect

Traits may be correlated with one another rather than evolving completely independently. This may happen because

Before natural selection can operate upon a population, organisms within a species must show

"Microevolution" refers to

When we observe a population with a trait that does not appear to be adaptive, it may be because

"Natural selection" differs from "artificial selection" in that natural selection

What is the major problem associated with the application of optimality theory to the study of animal behavior?

Gene flow is

Introduction

Approaches to the Study of Animal Behavior

Genetic Analysis of Behavior

Learning and Cognition

Physiological Analysis-Nerve Cells and Behavior

Physiological Analysis of Behavior- the Endocrine System

The Development of Behavior

Biological Clocks

Mechanisms of Orientation and Behavior

The Ecology and Evolution of Spiral Distribution

Foraging Behavior

Antipredator Behavior

Reproductive Behavior

Parental Care and Mating Systems

Communications: Channels and Functions

The Evolution of Communication

Conflict

Group Living, Altruism, and Cooperation

Filters