Exam 1: Exploring Child Development

According to ________, the mind contains three basic components: the id, the ego, and the superego.

Any stimulus that when presented increases the likelihood of a behavior is called _______________.

To ensure ____________, all researchers must get advance approval for their projects from an institutional review board (IRB).

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, during the Oedipus complex, young children _______________.

Albert Bandura designed a research project where he brought children to a research laboratory and watched their novel aggressive acts toward an inflatable clown doll. What type of research did Bandura conduct?

Janice is studying the effects of diversity on child development. From what families should she draw her sample?

The longitudinal method compares the performance or observations across ages by taking repeated measurements from _______________.

Identify the correct ordering of Piaget's four stages of cognitive development.

A microsystem includes the direct relationships and interactions that children have with people in their immediate environment.

How do parents, teachers, counselors, and others who work with children benefit from theories?

Melinda works in the field of __________, where she attempts to improve the lives of children and families by using child development research to affect laws, regulations, and programs.

In which type of correlational method does a researcher measure several variables and then examine the results as sets of multiple correlations showing the relationships of the variables?

As my 4-year-old niece focuses on tying her shoes, I hear her singing to herself, "First, I cross the laces, then I make the bow." This is an example of _______________.

The American Psychological Association and the Society for Research in Child Development have developed a list of rules that researchers who work with children must follow. Collectively, these rules are known as _______________.

Christopher has recently graduated from college and is making plans to propose marriage to his girlfriend and start a family together. According to Erikson, the challenge that Christopher faces at this stage of psychosocial development can be described as _______________.

Alex is 6 years old and excited about starting kindergarten. According to ecological systems theory, his ______________ has expanded to include not only his parents and siblings but also his new teachers and friends.

________ is a type of research design that studies development by comparing groups of children of different ages against one another at the same point in time.

As part of a high school science experiment, Simon measures the height and birth month (numbered from 1 to 12) of 50 of his classmates. However, after computing the correlation coefficient, he finds that the two measures are not correlated. The value he computed is closest to _______________.

Before a researcher can study the effects of a new drug on cancer patients, she first assigns individuals to the control group and the experimental group. Each study participant has an equal chance of being assigned to either group. This procedure is known as _______________.

A researcher notes that aggression in humans is similar in many ways to aggression in animals (e.g., gorillas, lions, etc.), and hypothesizes that an instinct for aggressive behavior may have been acquired through evolution. Which theoretical view does this hypothesis illustrate?