Exam 1: Exploring Child Development

Watson adapted Pavlov's work on _______________ by making a loud noise, as 11-month-old Albert touched a white rat. Soon after the noise, Albert would not touch the rat and began to cry whenever he saw it.

Changes in how children think, remember, and communicate is called _______________.

Which of the following theorists hypothesized that his theory involves "conflicts, inner and outer, which the vital personality weathers, re-emerging from each crisis with an increased sense of inner unity, with an increase of good judgment"?

When children copy the morals, ideals, and values of their same-sex parent, this is known as _______________.

Critics of Freud have argued that his theory focuses too much on _______________.

Research on how nature and nurture influence the development of IQ suggests that _______________.

While many "classical" studies in psychology were conducted with white male college students, there is an increasing appreciation for psychology as a field that investigates a wide range of diverse backgrounds and experiences. In the three photos provided, what kinds of variables might provide an important and informative area of study?

Which of the following theories would best explain the complexity of child development?

Cowan, et al. (1999) conducted an example of the ________ of research. They investigated developmental changes in short-term memory for single-digit numbers. Their participants were groups of first graders, fourth graders, and young adults.

Sociobiology is a subarea within _______________.

Because each layer is part of a complex system in Bronfenbrenner's theory, _______________.

Like his father, Joshua has curly brown hair and brown eyes. These similarities between parent and child can be best explained by the influence of _______________.

Connectomics is an approach that scientists use to visualize _______________.

In contrast to experiments, _______________ use techniques including observation or self-reports to provide a detailed picture of specific behaviors, such as how often they occur and under what conditions.

__________________ developed a theory of social learning that highlights the influence of observing and imitating the behaviors of other people.

_______________ children are those who rise above adversity, such as illness, abuse, or poverty during their childhood and develop in positive ways.

In a recent court case in the state of Florida, a boy killed his younger sister by performing wrestling moves on her that he learned how to do by watching a wrestling match on television. His behavior illustrates _______________.

Patricia, a 14-year-old girl, has not been doing her math homework. Consequently, she failed her math exam. Her parents have decided to place her on restriction, so she is not allowed to talk on the phone after school for two weeks. If placing Patricia on restriction serves to decrease the number of failing math grades that she receives, then the restriction was an effective form of _______________.

According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, assimilation _______________.

An important difference between theories and hypotheses is that _______________.