Question 1

Systematic Desensitization is most similar to

Accepted Answer

A)  the Fatigue Method. 
B)  Movement Produced Stimuli. 
C)  the Incompatible Stimuli Method. 
D)  the Threshold Method. 
A)  the Fatigue Method. 
B)  Movement Produced Stimuli. 
C)  the Incompatible Stimuli Method. 
D)  the Threshold Method. D

Question 2

An absolute threshold involves

Accepted Answer

A)  the most stimulation before an organism shuts down. 
B)  the point beyond which response may not be objectively measured. 
C)  the least amount of stimulation required for sensation. 
D)  the least amount of response which may be observed. 
A)  the most stimulation before an organism shuts down. 
B)  the point beyond which response may not be objectively measured. 
C)  the least amount of stimulation required for sensation. 
D)  the least amount of response which may be observed. C

Question 3

Selective breeding of racehorses may be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  capitalism. 
B)  eugenics. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  transfer. 
A)  capitalism. 
B)  eugenics. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  transfer. B

Question 4

Reflexes are defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  non-intentional unlearned behaviors. 
B)  voluntary and controlled behaviors. 
C)  complex unlearned behaviors. 
D)  responses that cannot be conditioned. 
A)  non-intentional unlearned behaviors. 
B)  voluntary and controlled behaviors. 
C)  complex unlearned behaviors. 
D)  responses that cannot be conditioned.

Question 5

A mathematics teacher comes to school in a bad mood and introduces fractions that day. Students seem unmotivated to learn. This can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  the pairing of the teacher's attitude with the content. 
B)  the negative environment in the room. 
C)  most students dislike fractions. 
D)  the teacher utilizing ineffective teaching strategies. 
A)  the pairing of the teacher's attitude with the content. 
B)  the negative environment in the room. 
C)  most students dislike fractions. 
D)  the teacher utilizing ineffective teaching strategies.

Question 6

Contiguity is

Accepted Answer

A)  when the occurrence of one event depends on the occurrence of another. 
B)  simultaneous pairing of stimulus and response. 
C)  selling the soap to win the car. 
D)  trace conditioning. 
A)  when the occurrence of one event depends on the occurrence of another. 
B)  simultaneous pairing of stimulus and response. 
C)  selling the soap to win the car. 
D)  trace conditioning.

Question 7

Given a tabula rasa assumption, the following is true.

Accepted Answer

A)  Each individual chooses who he may become. 
B)  Little can be known about learning. 
C)  Animals and humans may be made into anything a controller so chooses. 
D)  Animals may be shaped by a controller, but humans resist control and must cooperate. 
A)  Each individual chooses who he may become. 
B)  Little can be known about learning. 
C)  Animals and humans may be made into anything a controller so chooses. 
D)  Animals may be shaped by a controller, but humans resist control and must cooperate.

Question 8

According to Guthrie, when an S-R connection is made, learning has taken place. Which of the following is true of this connection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeating the pairing will strengthen the connection. 
B)  The connection is as strong as it will ever be. 
C)  The connection between S and R is an illusion. 
D)  Reinforcement of the R will strengthen the connection. 
A)  Repeating the pairing will strengthen the connection. 
B)  The connection is as strong as it will ever be. 
C)  The connection between S and R is an illusion. 
D)  Reinforcement of the R will strengthen the connection.

Question 9

The Threshold Method of breaking a habit involves

Accepted Answer

A)  superstition. 
B)  resolutions made prior to marriage. 
C)  faint stimuli which fail to elicit a response. 
D)  lack of opportunity to engage in the habit. 
A)  superstition. 
B)  resolutions made prior to marriage. 
C)  faint stimuli which fail to elicit a response. 
D)  lack of opportunity to engage in the habit.

Question 10

According to behaviorists, discrimination involves

Accepted Answer

A)  responding to those of a different gender differently. 
B)  responding to each stimulus separately, depending on the stimulus characteristics. 
C)  responding to each person differently despite obvious differences. 
D)  responding positively only to those similar to oneself. 
A)  responding to those of a different gender differently. 
B)  responding to each stimulus separately, depending on the stimulus characteristics. 
C)  responding to each person differently despite obvious differences. 
D)  responding positively only to those similar to oneself.

Question 11

The Little Albert demonstration illustrated

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of emotional conditioning. 
B)  children are poor research subjects. 
C)  reinforcement delays learning. 
D)  children have a natural fear of rodents. 
A)  the effects of emotional conditioning. 
B)  children are poor research subjects. 
C)  reinforcement delays learning. 
D)  children have a natural fear of rodents.

Question 12

Guthrie attributes forgetting to

Accepted Answer

A)  the aging process. 
B)  a failure to reinforce. 
C)  an inadequate pairing process. 
D)  new learning replacing old. 
A)  the aging process. 
B)  a failure to reinforce. 
C)  an inadequate pairing process. 
D)  new learning replacing old.

Question 13

Trace conditioning involves

Accepted Answer

A)  CS beginning and ending before US. 
B)  US beginning and ending before CS. 
C)  US and CS overlap. 
D)  CS and US are presented at the same time. 
A)  CS beginning and ending before US. 
B)  US beginning and ending before CS. 
C)  US and CS overlap. 
D)  CS and US are presented at the same time.

Question 14

Guthrie believed that punishment changes habits due to

Accepted Answer

A)  interruption of the habit. 
B)  behavior modification. 
C)  contiguity. 
D)  Movement Produced Stimuli. 
A)  interruption of the habit. 
B)  behavior modification. 
C)  contiguity. 
D)  Movement Produced Stimuli.

Question 15

Contiguity may be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  that which is ongoing, a process. 
B)  the effect of a stimulus. 
C)  that which occurs after a response. 
D)  simultaneous, or near occurrence of an event. 
A)  that which is ongoing, a process. 
B)  the effect of a stimulus. 
C)  that which occurs after a response. 
D)  simultaneous, or near occurrence of an event.

Question 16

In response to a craving for chocolate, a young student purchased a large number of candy bars, and throughout a single evening ate all of them. The evening resulted in nausea to the point that he stayed in bed the entire next day. He has not liked chocolate since. Guthrie's technique that would explain the response is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the Threshold Method. 
B)  the Fatigue Method. 
C)  the Extinction Method. 
D)  the Method of Incompatible Stimuli. 
A)  the Threshold Method. 
B)  the Fatigue Method. 
C)  the Extinction Method. 
D)  the Method of Incompatible Stimuli.

Question 17

Watson described consciousness as

Accepted Answer

A)  the effect of a stimulus. 
B)  important and relevant to learning. 
C)  neither definite nor useable. 
D)  the source of responses. 
A)  the effect of a stimulus. 
B)  important and relevant to learning. 
C)  neither definite nor useable. 
D)  the source of responses.

Question 18

Backward pairing

Accepted Answer

A)  though generally ineffective, has been shown to occur in instances involving preparedness to learn by the organism. 
B)  according to research, is only theoretically possible since learning has yet been empirically proven to occur by this method. 
C)  is an approach to the building of relationships among those who possess the character trait of shyness. 
D)  despite claims to the contrary, has proven to be the most effective method of pairing in terms of longevity of learning. 
A)  though generally ineffective, has been shown to occur in instances involving preparedness to learn by the organism. 
B)  according to research, is only theoretically possible since learning has yet been empirically proven to occur by this method. 
C)  is an approach to the building of relationships among those who possess the character trait of shyness. 
D)  despite claims to the contrary, has proven to be the most effective method of pairing in terms of longevity of learning.

Question 19

William James' approach to understanding human behavior involved

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled experiments, contiguity, and reinforcement. 
B)  objectivity, control, and measurement. 
C)  stream of consciousness, wholeness, and introspection. 
D)  stimuli, responses, and observation. 
A)  controlled experiments, contiguity, and reinforcement. 
B)  objectivity, control, and measurement. 
C)  stream of consciousness, wholeness, and introspection. 
D)  stimuli, responses, and observation.

Question 20

Variations in contiguity and presentation include

Accepted Answer

A)  backtracking conditioning. 
B)  forward conditioning. 
C)  delayed conditioning. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
A)  backtracking conditioning. 
B)  forward conditioning. 
C)  delayed conditioning. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Systematic Desensitization is most similar to

An absolute threshold involves

Selective breeding of racehorses may be described as

Reflexes are defined as

A mathematics teacher comes to school in a bad mood and introduces fractions that day. Students seem unmotivated to learn. This can be attributed to

Contiguity is

Given a tabula rasa assumption, the following is true.

According to Guthrie, when an S-R connection is made, learning has taken place. Which of the following is true of this connection?

The Threshold Method of breaking a habit involves

According to behaviorists, discrimination involves

The Little Albert demonstration illustrated

Guthrie attributes forgetting to

Trace conditioning involves

Guthrie believed that punishment changes habits due to

Contiguity may be described as

Watson described consciousness as

Backward pairing

William James' approach to understanding human behavior involved

Variations in contiguity and presentation include

Human Learning

The Effects of Behavior: Thorndike and Hull

Operant Conditioning: Skinners Radical Behaviorism

Evolutionary Psychology: Learning, Biology, and the Brain

A Transition to Modern Cognitivism: Hebb, Tolman, and the Gestaltists

Three Cognitive Theories: Bruner, Piaget, and Vygotsky

Symbolic Models of the Mind and Neural Networks

Learning and Remembering

Motivation

Social Learning: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory

Summary, Synthesis, and Integration

Filters

Exam 2: Early Behaviorism: Pavlov, Watson, and Guthrie

Systematic Desensitization is most similar to

An absolute threshold involves

Selective breeding of racehorses may be described as

Reflexes are defined as

A mathematics teacher comes to school in a bad mood and introduces fractions that day. Students seem unmotivated to learn. This can be attributed to

Contiguity is

Given a tabula rasa assumption, the following is true.

According to Guthrie, when an S-R connection is made, learning has taken place. Which of the following is true of this connection?

The Threshold Method of breaking a habit involves

According to behaviorists, discrimination involves

The Little Albert demonstration illustrated

Guthrie attributes forgetting to

Trace conditioning involves

Guthrie believed that punishment changes habits due to

Contiguity may be described as

Watson described consciousness as

Backward pairing

William James' approach to understanding human behavior involved

Variations in contiguity and presentation include

Human Learning

The Effects of Behavior: Thorndike and Hull

Operant Conditioning: Skinners Radical Behaviorism

Evolutionary Psychology: Learning, Biology, and the Brain

A Transition to Modern Cognitivism: Hebb, Tolman, and the Gestaltists

Three Cognitive Theories: Bruner, Piaget, and Vygotsky

Symbolic Models of the Mind and Neural Networks

Learning and Remembering

Motivation

Social Learning: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory

Summary, Synthesis, and Integration

Filters