Question 1

Gaining new information that contradicts expectations, preferences, and beliefs may exemplify which approach to the reduction of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude change 
B)  behavior change 
C)  compartmentalization 
D)  perceptual distortion 
A)  attitude change 
B)  behavior change 
C)  compartmentalization 
D)  perceptual distortion A

Question 2

High self-efficacy influences

Accepted Answer

A)  thought and planning. 
B)  persistence and effort. 
C)  blame and criticism. 
D)  hopes and dreams. 
A)  thought and planning. 
B)  persistence and effort. 
C)  blame and criticism. 
D)  hopes and dreams. B

Question 3

In which of the following ways can feedback serve to build self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  hearing a lecture on how something is done 
B)  being made aware of the failure of another 
C)  encouragement from someone who believes in you 
D)  receiving a failing grade 
A)  hearing a lecture on how something is done 
B)  being made aware of the failure of another 
C)  encouragement from someone who believes in you 
D)  receiving a failing grade C

Question 4

The enactive effect on self-efficacy involves

Accepted Answer

A)  rehearsing behavior ahead of time. 
B)  one's past behavior. 
C)  a glimpse into the future. 
D)  the collective encouragement of others. 
A)  rehearsing behavior ahead of time. 
B)  one's past behavior. 
C)  a glimpse into the future. 
D)  the collective encouragement of others.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an assumption of Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory of motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  People need to feel in control of their own actions. 
B)  People need to attribute success to intrinsic factors. 
C)  People need to believe in external causes. 
D)  People need to believe they can succeed. 
A)  People need to feel in control of their own actions. 
B)  People need to attribute success to intrinsic factors. 
C)  People need to believe in external causes. 
D)  People need to believe they can succeed.

Question 6

People with varying needs for achievement make attributions in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  high need for achievement; blames others for failure and credits self for success 
B)  high need for achievement; blames self for failure and credits self for success 
C)  low need for achievement; blames self for failure and credits self for success 
D)  low need for achievement; credits self for success and refuses to face failure 
A)  high need for achievement; blames others for failure and credits self for success 
B)  high need for achievement; blames self for failure and credits self for success 
C)  low need for achievement; blames self for failure and credits self for success 
D)  low need for achievement; credits self for success and refuses to face failure

Question 7

Selective exposure to information is an example of which approach to the reduction of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude change 
B)  perceptual distortion 
C)  recall of information 
D)  compartmentalization 
A)  attitude change 
B)  perceptual distortion 
C)  recall of information 
D)  compartmentalization

Question 8

An organism in a state of physiological arousal

Accepted Answer

A)  is at a steady state of motivation. 
B)  tends to be less focused. 
C)  has increased electrical activity in the brain. 
D)  is less receptive to stimuli. 
A)  is at a steady state of motivation. 
B)  tends to be less focused. 
C)  has increased electrical activity in the brain. 
D)  is less receptive to stimuli.

Question 9

Expectancy-Value Theory reflects all of the following components of value judgments except

Accepted Answer

A)  attainment value. 
B)  intrinsic value. 
C)  utility value. 
D)  pleasing others value. 
A)  attainment value. 
B)  intrinsic value. 
C)  utility value. 
D)  pleasing others value.

Question 10

The problem with Maslow's concept of self-actualization is

Accepted Answer

A)  it can't ever be defined. 
B)  it is not a state but a process of growth. 
C)  the triangle is too narrow. 
D)  the top of the triangle is too pointy. 
A)  it can't ever be defined. 
B)  it is not a state but a process of growth. 
C)  the triangle is too narrow. 
D)  the top of the triangle is too pointy.

Question 11

According to Brehm and Self, which of the following factors does not influence level of motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  internal states (needs) 
B)  probability of behavior leading to desired outcomes 
C)  potential outcomes 
D)  fulfilled need 
A)  internal states (needs) 
B)  probability of behavior leading to desired outcomes 
C)  potential outcomes 
D)  fulfilled need

Question 12

The higher the level of self-efficacy, the

Accepted Answer

A)  greater the effort. 
B)  greater the success. 
C)  more appropriate the goals. 
D)  greater the payoff received. 
A)  greater the effort. 
B)  greater the success. 
C)  more appropriate the goals. 
D)  greater the payoff received.

Question 13

New Year's resolutions may exemplify which approach to the reduction of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude change 
B)  recall of information 
C)  behavior change 
D)  compartmentalization 
A)  attitude change 
B)  recall of information 
C)  behavior change 
D)  compartmentalization

Question 14

Which of the following is an accurate description of reflexes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are biologically based explanations for some behaviors, but limited for generalizations for all behaviors. 
B)  They are not really that important for human survival. 
C)  They are conditioned but limited explanations for behavior. 
D)  They account for a great range of behaviors. 
A)  They are biologically based explanations for some behaviors, but limited for generalizations for all behaviors. 
B)  They are not really that important for human survival. 
C)  They are conditioned but limited explanations for behavior. 
D)  They account for a great range of behaviors.

Question 15

Which of the following does not describe the study of motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of explanations of behavior 
B)  the study of reasons for behavior 
C)  the study of causes of behavior 
D)  the study of alternatives to behavior 
A)  the study of explanations of behavior 
B)  the study of reasons for behavior 
C)  the study of causes of behavior 
D)  the study of alternatives to behavior

Question 16

The inverted U-shaped function described by Yerkes-Dodson represents

Accepted Answer

A)  the dramatic decrease in arousal intensity for which researchers cannot account. 
B)  the optimal level of arousal with levels below the optimal level representing less effective behavior. 
C)  a correspondence between number of tasks attempted and effectiveness. 
D)  a relationship between complexity of a task and level of arousal. 
A)  the dramatic decrease in arousal intensity for which researchers cannot account. 
B)  the optimal level of arousal with levels below the optimal level representing less effective behavior. 
C)  a correspondence between number of tasks attempted and effectiveness. 
D)  a relationship between complexity of a task and level of arousal.

Question 17

Motivation is very closely tied to

Accepted Answer

A)  actions. 
B)  causes. 
C)  emotions. 
D)  objects. 
A)  actions. 
B)  causes. 
C)  emotions. 
D)  objects.

Question 18

Deficiency needs lead to behavior when

Accepted Answer

A)  metaneeds are met. 
B)  they are satisfied. 
C)  they are followed by growth needs. 
D)  conditions that satisfy them are lacking. 
A)  metaneeds are met. 
B)  they are satisfied. 
C)  they are followed by growth needs. 
D)  conditions that satisfy them are lacking.

Question 19

Changing behavior may be desirable in some cases; for example, toilet training. One factor that does not play a key role in success with this goal is

Accepted Answer

A)  coercion. 
B)  motivation. 
C)  rewards. 
D)  cognitive dissonance. 
A)  coercion. 
B)  motivation. 
C)  rewards. 
D)  cognitive dissonance.

Question 20

Drive reduction involves

Accepted Answer

A)  satisfying needs. 
B)  following instincts. 
C)  the passage of time. 
D)  need deficiency. 
A)  satisfying needs. 
B)  following instincts. 
C)  the passage of time. 
D)  need deficiency.

Gaining new information that contradicts expectations, preferences, and beliefs may exemplify which approach to the reduction of cognitive dissonance?

High self-efficacy influences

In which of the following ways can feedback serve to build self-efficacy?

The enactive effect on self-efficacy involves

Which of the following is not an assumption of Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory of motivation?

People with varying needs for achievement make attributions in which of the following ways?

Selective exposure to information is an example of which approach to the reduction of cognitive dissonance?

An organism in a state of physiological arousal

Expectancy-Value Theory reflects all of the following components of value judgments except

The problem with Maslow's concept of self-actualization is

According to Brehm and Self, which of the following factors does not influence level of motivation?

The higher the level of self-efficacy, the

New Year's resolutions may exemplify which approach to the reduction of cognitive dissonance?

Which of the following is an accurate description of reflexes?

Which of the following does not describe the study of motivation?

The inverted U-shaped function described by Yerkes-Dodson represents

Motivation is very closely tied to

Deficiency needs lead to behavior when

Changing behavior may be desirable in some cases; for example, toilet training. One factor that does not play a key role in success with this goal is

Drive reduction involves

Human Learning

Early Behaviorism: Pavlov, Watson, and Guthrie

The Effects of Behavior: Thorndike and Hull

Operant Conditioning: Skinners Radical Behaviorism

Evolutionary Psychology: Learning, Biology, and the Brain

A Transition to Modern Cognitivism: Hebb, Tolman, and the Gestaltists

Three Cognitive Theories: Bruner, Piaget, and Vygotsky

Symbolic Models of the Mind and Neural Networks

Learning and Remembering

Social Learning: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory

Summary, Synthesis, and Integration

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Exam 10: Motivation

Gaining new information that contradicts expectations, preferences, and beliefs may exemplify which approach to the reduction of cognitive dissonance?

High self-efficacy influences

In which of the following ways can feedback serve to build self-efficacy?

The enactive effect on self-efficacy involves

Which of the following is not an assumption of Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory of motivation?

People with varying needs for achievement make attributions in which of the following ways?

Selective exposure to information is an example of which approach to the reduction of cognitive dissonance?

An organism in a state of physiological arousal

Expectancy-Value Theory reflects all of the following components of value judgments except

The problem with Maslow's concept of self-actualization is

According to Brehm and Self, which of the following factors does not influence level of motivation?

The higher the level of self-efficacy, the

New Year's resolutions may exemplify which approach to the reduction of cognitive dissonance?

Which of the following is an accurate description of reflexes?

Which of the following does not describe the study of motivation?

The inverted U-shaped function described by Yerkes-Dodson represents

Motivation is very closely tied to

Deficiency needs lead to behavior when

Changing behavior may be desirable in some cases; for example, toilet training. One factor that does not play a key role in success with this goal is

Drive reduction involves

Human Learning

Early Behaviorism: Pavlov, Watson, and Guthrie

The Effects of Behavior: Thorndike and Hull

Operant Conditioning: Skinners Radical Behaviorism

Evolutionary Psychology: Learning, Biology, and the Brain

A Transition to Modern Cognitivism: Hebb, Tolman, and the Gestaltists

Three Cognitive Theories: Bruner, Piaget, and Vygotsky

Symbolic Models of the Mind and Neural Networks

Learning and Remembering

Social Learning: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory

Summary, Synthesis, and Integration

Filters