Question 1

Which of the following is an accurate pairing?

Accepted Answer

A)  novice-to-expert / Hull 
B)  tabula rasa / Bruner 
C)  constructivism / Piaget 
D)  hypothesis generator / Skinner 
A)  novice-to-expert / Hull 
B)  tabula rasa / Bruner 
C)  constructivism / Piaget 
D)  hypothesis generator / Skinner C

Question 2

Which of the following was not descriptive of Watson?

Accepted Answer

A)  He assumed that individuals are born with a behavioral repertoire of only a few reflexes. 
B)  He accepted the laws of classical conditioning. 
C)  He acknowledged the joint contribution of nature and nurture. 
D)  His focus of attention was on the observable as opposed to the hypothetical. 
A)  He assumed that individuals are born with a behavioral repertoire of only a few reflexes. 
B)  He accepted the laws of classical conditioning. 
C)  He acknowledged the joint contribution of nature and nurture. 
D)  His focus of attention was on the observable as opposed to the hypothetical. C

Question 3

Behavior theory is to learning theory as

Accepted Answer

A)  elementary school is to college. 
B)  simple is to complex. 
C)  They are often synonymous. 
D)  They are competing perspectives. 
A)  elementary school is to college. 
B)  simple is to complex. 
C)  They are often synonymous. 
D)  They are competing perspectives. C

Question 4

Which of the following best distinguishes between behaviorists and cognitivists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitivists are deeper thinkers than behaviorists. 
B)  The two perspectives are mutually exclusive. 
C)  A cognitivist's approach is more scientific. 
D)  The terms behaviorist and cognitivist are simply convenient labels. 
A)  Cognitivists are deeper thinkers than behaviorists. 
B)  The two perspectives are mutually exclusive. 
C)  A cognitivist's approach is more scientific. 
D)  The terms behaviorist and cognitivist are simply convenient labels.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a criticism of behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ethics of control 
B)  scientific rigor of research 
C)  animal studies 
D)  dehumanization 
A)  the ethics of control 
B)  scientific rigor of research 
C)  animal studies 
D)  dehumanization

Question 6

Which of the following is an accurate pairing?

Accepted Answer

A)  nativism / Gestalt 
B)  novice-to-expert / ethologists 
C)  constructivism / Thorndike 
D)  hypothesis generator / Skinner 
A)  nativism / Gestalt 
B)  novice-to-expert / ethologists 
C)  constructivism / Thorndike 
D)  hypothesis generator / Skinner

Question 7

Which of the following is associated with long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  declarative memory 
B)  working memory 
C)  echoic memory 
D)  iconic memory 
A)  declarative memory 
B)  working memory 
C)  echoic memory 
D)  iconic memory

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the important aspects for understanding human behavior according to Bandura?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to imagine the consequences of actions 
B)  the ability to discover cause and effect relationships 
C)  the direct and immediate consequences of an action 
D)  the ability to anticipate 
A)  the ability to imagine the consequences of actions 
B)  the ability to discover cause and effect relationships 
C)  the direct and immediate consequences of an action 
D)  the ability to anticipate

Question 9

Which of the following is descriptive of Tolman's approach to learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  He believed that expectancies direct behavior. 
B)  He believed that behavior is guided by stimuli. 
C)  He emphasized the molecular aspects of behavior. 
D)  He emphasized contiguity in learning. 
A)  He believed that expectancies direct behavior. 
B)  He believed that behavior is guided by stimuli. 
C)  He emphasized the molecular aspects of behavior. 
D)  He emphasized contiguity in learning.

Question 10

Nativism describes the learner in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  complete receptivity to influence 
B)  previously built in constraints and capabilities 
C)  domain specific ongoing mastery 
D)  intentionality and evaluation of experience 
A)  complete receptivity to influence 
B)  previously built in constraints and capabilities 
C)  domain specific ongoing mastery 
D)  intentionality and evaluation of experience

Question 11

Which of the following is descriptive of Bruner's approach to learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Categorization is the treatment of objects in terms of differences. 
B)  He emphasized concepts and rejected percepts. 
C)  He believed that young children and adults process information in very much the same way. 
D)  He described categories as the treatment of objects as though they were in some way equivalent. 
A)  Categorization is the treatment of objects in terms of differences. 
B)  He emphasized concepts and rejected percepts. 
C)  He believed that young children and adults process information in very much the same way. 
D)  He described categories as the treatment of objects as though they were in some way equivalent.

Question 12

Which of the following represents an active view of human behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  drives 
B)  reflexes 
C)  attributions 
D)  instincts 
A)  drives 
B)  reflexes 
C)  attributions 
D)  instincts

Question 13

Which of the following does not describe Guthrie's perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning is complete upon the first pairing of stimulus and response. 
B)  Additional pairings of stimulus and response strengthen the original bond. 
C)  He identified several ways to deal with undesirable habits. 
D)  He believed that consequences of a behavior are not important in learning. 
A)  Learning is complete upon the first pairing of stimulus and response. 
B)  Additional pairings of stimulus and response strengthen the original bond. 
C)  He identified several ways to deal with undesirable habits. 
D)  He believed that consequences of a behavior are not important in learning.

Question 14

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development is

Accepted Answer

A)  the notion that children should be given tasks so simple they can accomplish them on their own. 
B)  the notion that children capable of X on their own may be capable of X + Y with help from a competent adult or older child. 
C)  the notion that if a child is given a difficult task, s/he will accomplish it even if they are at first incapable of completing it. 
D)  the notion that children will learn only when they are ready to learn. 
A)  the notion that children should be given tasks so simple they can accomplish them on their own. 
B)  the notion that children capable of X on their own may be capable of X + Y with help from a competent adult or older child. 
C)  the notion that if a child is given a difficult task, s/he will accomplish it even if they are at first incapable of completing it. 
D)  the notion that children will learn only when they are ready to learn.

Question 15

Piaget's perspective held that children

Accepted Answer

A)  discover reality. 
B)  learn reality passively. 
C)  construct a view of reality. 
D)  are inhibited by reality. 
A)  discover reality. 
B)  learn reality passively. 
C)  construct a view of reality. 
D)  are inhibited by reality.

Question 16

Tolman believed that reinforcement results in

Accepted Answer

A)  response-stimulus links. 
B)  response-reinforcement links. 
C)  cognition. 
D)  Tolman did not believe in reinforcement. 
A)  response-stimulus links. 
B)  response-reinforcement links. 
C)  cognition. 
D)  Tolman did not believe in reinforcement.

Question 17

Which of the following is not descriptive of Thorndike?

Accepted Answer

A)  He introduced the notion of reinforcement. 
B)  He believed that learning occurs through trial and error. 
C)  He described learning as stamping in and forgetting as stamping out. 
D)  He ruled out contiguity and cultural background as factors in learning. 
A)  He introduced the notion of reinforcement. 
B)  He believed that learning occurs through trial and error. 
C)  He described learning as stamping in and forgetting as stamping out. 
D)  He ruled out contiguity and cultural background as factors in learning.

Question 18

Ethology is

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of ethics. 
B)  the study of animals in natural settings. 
C)  the study of humans in laboratory settings. 
D)  the study of mediating variables. 
A)  the study of ethics. 
B)  the study of animals in natural settings. 
C)  the study of humans in laboratory settings. 
D)  the study of mediating variables.

Question 19

The first psychological theorists associated with modern cognitivism are

Accepted Answer

A)  Wundt, Tichener, and James. 
B)  Thorndike, Pavlov, and Guthrie. 
C)  Köhler, Koffka, and Wertheimer. 
D)  Watson, Skinner, and Hull. 
A)  Wundt, Tichener, and James. 
B)  Thorndike, Pavlov, and Guthrie. 
C)  Köhler, Koffka, and Wertheimer. 
D)  Watson, Skinner, and Hull.

Question 20

Which of the following is descriptive of Hull's perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  His approach was intended to be predictive of behavior. 
B)  He constructed a complete formal hypotheticodeductive theory of human behavior. 
C)  His intervening variables were metaphors of cognitive processes. 
D)  He rejected the concept of habits as too cognitive. 
A)  His approach was intended to be predictive of behavior. 
B)  He constructed a complete formal hypotheticodeductive theory of human behavior. 
C)  His intervening variables were metaphors of cognitive processes. 
D)  He rejected the concept of habits as too cognitive.

Which of the following is an accurate pairing?

Which of the following was not descriptive of Watson?

Behavior theory is to learning theory as

Which of the following best distinguishes between behaviorists and cognitivists?

Which of the following is not a criticism of behaviorism?

Which of the following is an accurate pairing?

Which of the following is associated with long-term memory?

Which of the following is not one of the important aspects for understanding human behavior according to Bandura?

Which of the following is descriptive of Tolman's approach to learning?

Nativism describes the learner in which of the following ways?

Which of the following is descriptive of Bruner's approach to learning?

Which of the following represents an active view of human behavior?

Which of the following does not describe Guthrie's perspective?

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development is

Piaget's perspective held that children

Tolman believed that reinforcement results in

Which of the following is not descriptive of Thorndike?

Ethology is

The first psychological theorists associated with modern cognitivism are

Which of the following is descriptive of Hull's perspective?

Human Learning

Early Behaviorism: Pavlov, Watson, and Guthrie

The Effects of Behavior: Thorndike and Hull

Operant Conditioning: Skinners Radical Behaviorism

Evolutionary Psychology: Learning, Biology, and the Brain

A Transition to Modern Cognitivism: Hebb, Tolman, and the Gestaltists

Three Cognitive Theories: Bruner, Piaget, and Vygotsky

Symbolic Models of the Mind and Neural Networks

Learning and Remembering

Motivation

Social Learning: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory

Filters

Exam 12: Summary, Synthesis, and Integration

Which of the following is an accurate pairing?

Which of the following was not descriptive of Watson?

Behavior theory is to learning theory as

Which of the following best distinguishes between behaviorists and cognitivists?

Which of the following is not a criticism of behaviorism?

Which of the following is an accurate pairing?

Which of the following is associated with long-term memory?

Which of the following is not one of the important aspects for understanding human behavior according to Bandura?

Which of the following is descriptive of Tolman's approach to learning?

Nativism describes the learner in which of the following ways?

Which of the following is descriptive of Bruner's approach to learning?

Which of the following represents an active view of human behavior?

Which of the following does not describe Guthrie's perspective?

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development is

Piaget's perspective held that children

Tolman believed that reinforcement results in

Which of the following is not descriptive of Thorndike?

Ethology is

The first psychological theorists associated with modern cognitivism are

Which of the following is descriptive of Hull's perspective?

Human Learning

Early Behaviorism: Pavlov, Watson, and Guthrie

The Effects of Behavior: Thorndike and Hull

Operant Conditioning: Skinners Radical Behaviorism

Evolutionary Psychology: Learning, Biology, and the Brain

A Transition to Modern Cognitivism: Hebb, Tolman, and the Gestaltists

Three Cognitive Theories: Bruner, Piaget, and Vygotsky

Symbolic Models of the Mind and Neural Networks

Learning and Remembering

Motivation

Social Learning: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory

Filters