Question 1

I data are superior to S data when considering reports of self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In a priming study, participants solved puzzles that included words such as gray, wise, retired, and Florida. After solving these puzzles, participants were observed as they walked down a hallway. The observation of participants' speed of walking would be considered ________ data.

Accepted Answer

A)  experience sampling 
B)  experimental B 
C)  L 
D)  projective 
A)  experience sampling 
B)  experimental B 
C)  L 
D)  projective

Question 3

A major disadvantage of L data is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  that they provide too much information 
B)  that informants may have access to only a narrow range of the target's behavior 
C)  that the data are influenced by multiple factors besides just personality 
D)  that judges may be biased about the person they are describing 
A)  that they provide too much information 
B)  that informants may have access to only a narrow range of the target's behavior 
C)  that the data are influenced by multiple factors besides just personality 
D)  that judges may be biased about the person they are describing

Question 4

An academic transcript is an example of L data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What term is sometimes used to describe instruments like the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

Accepted Answer

A)  S instruments 
B)  omnibus personality test batteries 
C)  objective tests 
D)  performance-based personality tests 
A)  S instruments 
B)  omnibus personality test batteries 
C)  objective tests 
D)  performance-based personality tests

Question 6

________ data are fairly easily verifiable, concrete, real-life outcomes of possible psychological significance.

Accepted Answer

A)  S 
B)  B 
C)  I 
D)  L 
A)  S 
B)  B 
C)  I 
D)  L

Question 7

If Dr. O'Connell wants to learn about Laura, why might Dr. O'Connell want to use S data?

Accepted Answer

A)  S data have causal force. 
B)  S data are relatively simple and easy to collect. 
C)  The person providing S data might be the world's best expert about Laura. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  S data have causal force. 
B)  S data are relatively simple and easy to collect. 
C)  The person providing S data might be the world's best expert about Laura. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 8

According to the textbook, people seldom behave in different ways with different people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which type of data is likely to be the most subjective and judgmental?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  B 
C)  L 
D)  S 
A)  I 
B)  B 
C)  L 
D)  S

Question 10

According to the textbook, daily diary reports can be considered ________ data.

Accepted Answer

A)  L 
B)  I 
C)  S 
D)  B 
A)  L 
B)  I 
C)  S 
D)  B

Question 11

Which of the following types of personality data is the most objective and verifiable?

Accepted Answer

A)  S 
B)  B 
C)  I 
D)  L 
A)  S 
B)  B 
C)  I 
D)  L

Question 12

A major advantage of S data is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only a trained personality psychologist can interpret S data 
B)  the best information about personality is obtainable from real-life social outcomes 
C)  you are the world's best expert about your own personality 
D)  to assess personality, you must observe what the person actually does 
A)  only a trained personality psychologist can interpret S data 
B)  the best information about personality is obtainable from real-life social outcomes 
C)  you are the world's best expert about your own personality 
D)  to assess personality, you must observe what the person actually does

Question 13

When gathering data or clues about personality, the best policy is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gather only a very small number of clues and focus on the important ones 
B)  gather only clues that are certain not to be misleading 
C)  rely solely on self-report data 
D)  collect as many clues as possible 
A)  gather only a very small number of clues and focus on the important ones 
B)  gather only clues that are certain not to be misleading 
C)  rely solely on self-report data 
D)  collect as many clues as possible

Question 14

Why does Funder believe there are no perfect indicators of personality? What strategies can researchers use to deal with this concern?

Accepted Answer

Funder believes there are no perfect ind

Question 15

One concern with items on measures like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is that they often lack face validity. What kind of problem does this create?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants can easily fake responses on the items. 
B)  Such items raise concerns with social desirability. 
C)  Responses are difficult to interpret in psychological terms. 
D)  Such items tend to make participants very anxious. 
A)  Participants can easily fake responses on the items. 
B)  Such items raise concerns with social desirability. 
C)  Responses are difficult to interpret in psychological terms. 
D)  Such items tend to make participants very anxious.

Question 16

What is the best way for a researcher to judge the face validity of items on a measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conduct an exploratory factor analysis on the items. 
B)  Conduct a confirmatory factor analysis on the items. 
C)  Conduct an internal consistency analysis on the items. 
D)  Read and consider the content of the items. 
A)  Conduct an exploratory factor analysis on the items. 
B)  Conduct a confirmatory factor analysis on the items. 
C)  Conduct an internal consistency analysis on the items. 
D)  Read and consider the content of the items.

Question 17

Judgments by informants are seldom distorted by biases in memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Different informants may not agree about the personality of a common target individual because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  each judge may see the target person in only a limited number of social contexts 
B)  judges may form a mistaken impression based on the recollection of a single, uncharacteristic behavior 
C)  some informants may have biases that affect the accuracy of their judgments 
D)  all of the above 
A)  each judge may see the target person in only a limited number of social contexts 
B)  judges may form a mistaken impression based on the recollection of a single, uncharacteristic behavior 
C)  some informants may have biases that affect the accuracy of their judgments 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

The terms expectancy effect and behavioral confirmation refer to the same psychological phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

I data are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-judgments 
B)  judgments made by knowledgeable observers 
C)  easily observable, real-life outcomes 
D)  direct observations of the subject in some predefined context 
A)  self-judgments 
B)  judgments made by knowledgeable observers 
C)  easily observable, real-life outcomes 
D)  direct observations of the subject in some predefined context

I data are superior to S data when considering reports of self-esteem.

In a priming study, participants solved puzzles that included words such as gray, wise, retired, and Florida. After solving these puzzles, participants were observed as they walked down a hallway. The observation of participants' speed of walking would be considered ________ data.

A major disadvantage of L data is ________.

An academic transcript is an example of L data.

What term is sometimes used to describe instruments like the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

________ data are fairly easily verifiable, concrete, real-life outcomes of possible psychological significance.

If Dr. O'Connell wants to learn about Laura, why might Dr. O'Connell want to use S data?

According to the textbook, people seldom behave in different ways with different people.

Which type of data is likely to be the most subjective and judgmental?

According to the textbook, daily diary reports can be considered ________ data.

Which of the following types of personality data is the most objective and verifiable?

A major advantage of S data is that ________.

When gathering data or clues about personality, the best policy is to ________.

Why does Funder believe there are no perfect indicators of personality? What strategies can researchers use to deal with this concern?

One concern with items on measures like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is that they often lack face validity. What kind of problem does this create?

What is the best way for a researcher to judge the face validity of items on a measure?

Judgments by informants are seldom distorted by biases in memory.

Different informants may not agree about the personality of a common target individual because ________.

The terms expectancy effect and behavioral confirmation refer to the same psychological phenomenon.

I data are ________.

The Study of the Person

Personality Psychology As Science: Research Methods

Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior

Personality Assessment I: Personality Testing and Its Consequences

Personality Assessment Ii: Personality Judgment in Daily Life

Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Theory

Basics of Psychoanalysis

The Workings of the Unconscious Mind: Defenses and Slips

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Experience, Existence, and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive Psychology

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories

Personality Processes: Perception, Thought, Motivation, and Emotion

What You Know About You: the Self

Disorders of Personality

Conclusion: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 2: Clues to Personality: the Basic Sources of Data

I data are superior to S data when considering reports of self-esteem.

In a priming study, participants solved puzzles that included words such as gray, wise, retired, and Florida. After solving these puzzles, participants were observed as they walked down a hallway. The observation of participants' speed of walking would be considered ________ data.

A major disadvantage of L data is ________.

An academic transcript is an example of L data.

What term is sometimes used to describe instruments like the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

________ data are fairly easily verifiable, concrete, real-life outcomes of possible psychological significance.

If Dr. O'Connell wants to learn about Laura, why might Dr. O'Connell want to use S data?

According to the textbook, people seldom behave in different ways with different people.

Which type of data is likely to be the most subjective and judgmental?

According to the textbook, daily diary reports can be considered ________ data.

Which of the following types of personality data is the most objective and verifiable?

A major advantage of S data is that ________.

When gathering data or clues about personality, the best policy is to ________.

Why does Funder believe there are no perfect indicators of personality? What strategies can researchers use to deal with this concern?

One concern with items on measures like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is that they often lack face validity. What kind of problem does this create?

What is the best way for a researcher to judge the face validity of items on a measure?

Judgments by informants are seldom distorted by biases in memory.

Different informants may not agree about the personality of a common target individual because ________.

The terms expectancy effect and behavioral confirmation refer to the same psychological phenomenon.

I data are ________.

The Study of the Person

Personality Psychology As Science: Research Methods

Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior

Personality Assessment I: Personality Testing and Its Consequences

Personality Assessment Ii: Personality Judgment in Daily Life

Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Theory

Basics of Psychoanalysis

The Workings of the Unconscious Mind: Defenses and Slips

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Experience, Existence, and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive Psychology

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories

Personality Processes: Perception, Thought, Motivation, and Emotion

What You Know About You: the Self

Disorders of Personality

Conclusion: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

Filters