Question 1

Reduction potential is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the tendency for a compound to release H+ in solution. 
B)  the tendency for a compound to release OH- in solution. 
C)  the tendency of a compound to accept electrons. 
D)  the tendency of a compound to donate electrons. 
E)  a synonym for chemical valence. 
A)  the tendency for a compound to release H+ in solution. 
B)  the tendency for a compound to release OH- in solution. 
C)  the tendency of a compound to accept electrons. 
D)  the tendency of a compound to donate electrons. 
E)  a synonym for chemical valence.

Question 2

What are methanotrophs? What is their role in the global carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Methanotrophs are organisms that oxidize

Question 3

In the Rhodospirillum rubrum photosystem II, bacteriochloropyll P870 can absorb weak infrared wavelengths in the __________ range.

Accepted Answer

A)  600-650 
B)  650-700 
C)  700-750 
D)  750-800 
E)  800-1,100 
A)  600-650 
B)  650-700 
C)  700-750 
D)  750-800 
E)  800-1,100

Question 4

Although embedded in the membrane as an ETS component, the enzyme __________ does not pump protons.

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate dehydrogenase 
B)  2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase 
C)  succinate dehydrogenase 
D)  malate dehydrogenase 
E)  glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase 
A)  pyruvate dehydrogenase 
B)  2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase 
C)  succinate dehydrogenase 
D)  malate dehydrogenase 
E)  glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 5

Use the figure below to describe how Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans can utilize iron as an electron donor for ATP production. Discuss how other microbes benefit from or contribute to the process.

Accepted Answer

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria

Question 6

The figure below shows anaerobic corrosion of a piece of steel accelerated by the action of anaerobic microorganisms. What should be on label 2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elemental sulfur and iron directly react to produce FeS. 
B)  Iron reduces   
C)  Acid rain is produced:   
D)  Acid rain is produced:   
E)  Acid rain is produced:   
A)  Elemental sulfur and iron directly react to produce FeS. 
B)  Iron reduces   
C)  Acid rain is produced:   
D)  Acid rain is produced:   
E)  Acid rain is produced:

Question 7

In dehalorespiration of chlorinated pollutants, the chlorine is removed and replaced by

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  nitrogen. 
D)  sulfur. 
E)  ammonia. 
A)  hydrogen. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  nitrogen. 
D)  sulfur. 
E)  ammonia.

Question 8

Use the figure below to describe how an uncoupler functions. Can an uncoupler be used as an antibiotic to treat bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

An uncoupler can cross the membrane in e

Question 9

What factors may affect Δp in metabolically active bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Dp depends on the membrane potential (DY

Question 10

How does photosystem I allow Chlorobium and other green sulfur bacteria to live near deep-sea vents?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic photosystem I contains bacteri

Question 11

How are drug efflux pumps spread among virulent bacterial strains?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are spread through generalized transduction. 
B)  Their genes are contained in plasmids that are transmitted among bacterial cells. 
C)  They are spread through conjugation between two virulent strains. 
D)  They are spread through transformation with Hfr plasmids. 
E)  DNA is released from bacterial cells previously infected with bacteriophages. 
A)  They are spread through generalized transduction. 
B)  Their genes are contained in plasmids that are transmitted among bacterial cells. 
C)  They are spread through conjugation between two virulent strains. 
D)  They are spread through transformation with Hfr plasmids. 
E)  DNA is released from bacterial cells previously infected with bacteriophages.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an uncoupler. 
B)  It can be used to measure ΔpH. 
C)  Unprotonated DNP can cross the membrane. 
D)  Protonated DNP can cross the membrane. 
E)  It dissipates the proton motive force. 
A)  It is an uncoupler. 
B)  It can be used to measure ΔpH. 
C)  Unprotonated DNP can cross the membrane. 
D)  Protonated DNP can cross the membrane. 
E)  It dissipates the proton motive force.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT correct about the process of methanogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO₂ and H₂O are weak electron acceptors, whereas CH4 and H₂ are strong electron donors. 
B)  CH4 synthesis from CO₂ releases energy for growth. 
C)  CH4 and water can be formed from CO₂ and 4H₂ from a hydrogen donor. 
D)  Oxygen atoms in CO₂ are reduced one at a time. 
E)  Oxygen atoms in CO₂ are reduced to water at the same time. 
A)  CO₂ and H₂O are weak electron acceptors, whereas CH4 and H₂ are strong electron donors. 
B)  CH4 synthesis from CO₂ releases energy for growth. 
C)  CH4 and water can be formed from CO₂ and 4H₂ from a hydrogen donor. 
D)  Oxygen atoms in CO₂ are reduced one at a time. 
E)  Oxygen atoms in CO₂ are reduced to water at the same time.

Question 14

Use the figure below to describe Salmonella enterica respiration on tetrathionate. What is the advantage of using this anaerobic respiratory mechanism?

Accepted Answer

[i] Salmonella enterica invades epitheli

Question 15

Which of the following definitions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photosynthesis is hotolysis followed by CO₂ fixation and biosynthesis. 
B)  Photolysis is light absorption coupled to splitting of a molecule. 
C)  Photophosphorylation is the reaction ADP + Pi ATP catalyzed by photons. 
D)  Photoexcitation is light absorption causing an electron to transfer to a higher energy state. 
E)  Photoionization is light absorption that causes electron separation. 
A)  Photosynthesis is hotolysis followed by CO₂ fixation and biosynthesis. 
B)  Photolysis is light absorption coupled to splitting of a molecule. 
C)  Photophosphorylation is the reaction ADP + Pi ATP catalyzed by photons. 
D)  Photoexcitation is light absorption causing an electron to transfer to a higher energy state. 
E)  Photoionization is light absorption that causes electron separation.

Question 16

The chemiosmotic theory states that the proton potential is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  [ATP] and [ADP]+[Pi]. 
B)  a pH gradient and [Na+] gradient. 
C)  pH and pNa+. 
D)  DpH and DY 
E)  a pH gradient and a [Ca2+] wave. 
A)  [ATP] and [ADP]+[Pi]. 
B)  a pH gradient and [Na+] gradient. 
C)  pH and pNa+. 
D)  DpH and DY 
E)  a pH gradient and a [Ca2+] wave.

Question 17

Which species can be utilized in biomining because it oxidizes copper and iron sulfides?

Accepted Answer

A)  Geobacter metallireducens 
B)  Sulfurospirillum barnesii 
C)  Haloferax volcanii 
D)  Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 
E)  Bacillus subtilis 
A)  Geobacter metallireducens 
B)  Sulfurospirillum barnesii 
C)  Haloferax volcanii 
D)  Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 
E)  Bacillus subtilis

Question 18

Explain what kind of reaction bacteriorhodopsin performs and what it accomplishes for the cell. What is the name of the bacteriorhodopsin homologs, in what type of organisms were they identified, and what led to their discovery?

Accepted Answer

Bacteriorhodopsin absorbs light and goes

Question 19

The F₁Fₒ ATP synthase is a remarkably complex enzyme, its subunit structure highly conserved across life domains. Is it possible to use this enzyme as an antibiotic target?

Accepted Answer

Differences among prokaryotic F₁Fₒ ATPas

Question 20

In purple bacteria, bacteriochlorophylls are supplemented by accessory pigments called

Accepted Answer

A)  antenna complexes. 
B)  bacteriorhodopsin. 
C)  carotenoids. 
D)  chlorophylls. 
E)  thylakoids. 
A)  antenna complexes. 
B)  bacteriorhodopsin. 
C)  carotenoids. 
D)  chlorophylls. 
E)  thylakoids.

Exam 14: Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Reduction potential is defined as

What are methanotrophs? What is their role in the global carbon cycle?

In the Rhodospirillum rubrum photosystem II, bacteriochloropyll P870 can absorb weak infrared wavelengths in the __________ range.

Although embedded in the membrane as an ETS component, the enzyme __________ does not pump protons.

Use the figure below to describe how Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans can utilize iron as an electron donor for ATP production. Discuss how other microbes benefit from or contribute to the process.

The figure below shows anaerobic corrosion of a piece of steel accelerated by the action of anaerobic microorganisms. What should be on label 2?

In dehalorespiration of chlorinated pollutants, the chlorine is removed and replaced by

Use the figure below to describe how an uncoupler functions. Can an uncoupler be used as an antibiotic to treat bacterial infections?

What factors may affect Δp in metabolically active bacterial cells?

How does photosystem I allow Chlorobium and other green sulfur bacteria to live near deep-sea vents?

How are drug efflux pumps spread among virulent bacterial strains?

Which of the following is NOT true of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)?

Which of the following is NOT correct about the process of methanogenesis?

Use the figure below to describe Salmonella enterica respiration on tetrathionate. What is the advantage of using this anaerobic respiratory mechanism?

Which of the following definitions is FALSE?

The chemiosmotic theory states that the proton potential is composed of

Which species can be utilized in biomining because it oxidizes copper and iron sulfides?

Explain what kind of reaction bacteriorhodopsin performs and what it accomplishes for the cell. What is the name of the bacteriorhodopsin homologs, in what type of organisms were they identified, and what led to their discovery?

The F₁Fₒ ATP synthase is a remarkably complex enzyme, its subunit structure highly conserved across life domains. Is it possible to use this enzyme as an antibiotic target?

In purple bacteria, bacteriochlorophylls are supplemented by accessory pigments called

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

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Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

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Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

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Microbial Pathogenesis

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