Question 1

Petechiae, which result from large amounts of endotoxin, are distinguished by which symptom?

Accepted Answer

A)  diarrhea 
B)  a pseudomembrane 
C)  elephantiasis 
D)  fever 
E)  a rash 
A)  diarrhea 
B)  a pseudomembrane 
C)  elephantiasis 
D)  fever 
E)  a rash

Question 2

Toxins with ADP ribosyltransferase activity cause

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane pore formation. 
B)  immune system activation. 
C)  proteolytic degradation of host proteins. 
D)  adenylate cyclase inhibition. 
E)  inhibition of elongation factor 2. 
A)  membrane pore formation. 
B)  immune system activation. 
C)  proteolytic degradation of host proteins. 
D)  adenylate cyclase inhibition. 
E)  inhibition of elongation factor 2.

Question 3

Which of the following protein secretory systems injects effector molecules directly from the bacterial cytoplasm into the host cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

A)  type I 
B)  type II 
C)  type III 
D)  type IV 
E)  types I, II, III, and IV 
A)  type I 
B)  type II 
C)  type III 
D)  type IV 
E)  types I, II, III, and IV

Question 4

Which of the following bacteria would you expect to cause the most severe blood disease in a susceptible host?

Accepted Answer

A)  a rapidly growing encapsulated bacteria 
B)  a flagellated acidophile 
C)  a barophilic strain 
D)  a piliated slow-growing bacteria 
E)  a halophilic psychrophile 
A)  a rapidly growing encapsulated bacteria 
B)  a flagellated acidophile 
C)  a barophilic strain 
D)  a piliated slow-growing bacteria 
E)  a halophilic psychrophile

Question 5

Which organism did Koch use to synthesize his two postulates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus anthracis 
B)  Staph. aureus 
C)  Ebola 
D)  SARS 
E)  MERs 
A)  Bacillus anthracis 
B)  Staph. aureus 
C)  Ebola 
D)  SARS 
E)  MERs

Question 6

The toxin gene in Corynebacterium diphtheriae is located on

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasmid. 
B)  mobile genes called transposons. 
C)  bacterial chromosomes. 
D)  lysogenic phage genomes. 
E)  the plasma membrane. 
A)  the plasmid. 
B)  mobile genes called transposons. 
C)  bacterial chromosomes. 
D)  lysogenic phage genomes. 
E)  the plasma membrane.

Question 7

Which of the following produces a toxin that disrupts protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium perfringens 
B)  Shigella dysenteriae 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  Bacillus anthracis 
A)  Clostridium perfringens 
B)  Shigella dysenteriae 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  Bacillus anthracis

Question 8

Why is a microbial agent that prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion more virulent as an intracellular pathogen than one that is not?

Accepted Answer

If a pathogen can prevent phagosome-lyso

Question 9

Which of the following is considered a virulence factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  TNF-Alpha 
B)  RNA 
C)  IFN-gamma 
D)  Strep. pyogenes 
E)  capsules 
A)  TNF-Alpha 
B)  RNA 
C)  IFN-gamma 
D)  Strep. pyogenes 
E)  capsules

Question 10

Which of the following does NOT result from the release of endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  fever 
B)  activation of the alternate complement pathway 
C)  vasodilation 
D)  hypertension 
E)  shock 
A)  fever 
B)  activation of the alternate complement pathway 
C)  vasodilation 
D)  hypertension 
E)  shock

Question 11

Consider two isolates, A and B. Microbe A had an LD₅₀ of 5 * 10⁴, while microbe B recorded an LD₅₀ of 5 * 10⁷. Which isolate is more virulent?

Accepted Answer

A)  unable to know based on information provided 
B)  microbe A 
C)  microbe B 
D)  They are equally virulent. 
E)  The values indicate that neither one is virulent. 
A)  unable to know based on information provided 
B)  microbe A 
C)  microbe B 
D)  They are equally virulent. 
E)  The values indicate that neither one is virulent.

Question 12

The ability to survive in the harsh environment of the phagolysosome is a virulence factor produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  uropathogenic Escherichia coli. 
B)  Vibrio cholera. 
C)  Bordetella pertussis. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori. 
E)  Coxilla burnetti. 
A)  uropathogenic Escherichia coli. 
B)  Vibrio cholera. 
C)  Bordetella pertussis. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori. 
E)  Coxilla burnetti.

Question 13

What is the rationale for designating disease-causing protozoa and worms as parasites, not as pathogens?

Accepted Answer

In a very broad sense, all disease-causi

Question 14

Describe what is occurring in the figure below.

Accepted Answer

The guanine and cyto

Question 15

Which of the following is classified as an intracellular bacterial pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV 
B)  Streptococcus mutans 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
E)  Bacillus anthracis 
A)  HIV 
B)  Streptococcus mutans 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
E)  Bacillus anthracis

Question 16

Multivalent adhesion molecule 7, or MAM7, is a unique adhesion because it

Accepted Answer

A)  is expressed late in an infection. 
B)  is found only in Gram-positive organisms. 
C)  is important in initiating infection. 
D)  decreases the LD50 of an organism. 
E)  acts as a toxin. 
A)  is expressed late in an infection. 
B)  is found only in Gram-positive organisms. 
C)  is important in initiating infection. 
D)  decreases the LD50 of an organism. 
E)  acts as a toxin.

Question 17

Describe what kind of assembly is occurring in the figure below, and identify the molecules that are present.

Accepted Answer

This figure shows an example o

Question 18

What type of toxin is the alpha hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein synthesis inhibitor 
B)  protease 
C)  superantigen 
D)  cell membrane disruptor 
E)  second messenger pathway disruptor 
A)  protein synthesis inhibitor 
B)  protease 
C)  superantigen 
D)  cell membrane disruptor 
E)  second messenger pathway disruptor

Question 19

The anthrax, Escherichia coli, cholera, and Bordetella toxins all

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit protein synthesis. 
B)  possess ADP ribosyltransferase activity. 
C)  cause diarrhea. 
D)  disrupt the cell membrane. 
E)  trigger apoptosis. 
A)  inhibit protein synthesis. 
B)  possess ADP ribosyltransferase activity. 
C)  cause diarrhea. 
D)  disrupt the cell membrane. 
E)  trigger apoptosis.

Question 20

The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin

Accepted Answer

A)  damages membranes. 
B)  increases protein synthesis. 
C)  activates second messenger pathways. 
D)  activates immune response. 
E)  acts as a capsule. 
A)  damages membranes. 
B)  increases protein synthesis. 
C)  activates second messenger pathways. 
D)  activates immune response. 
E)  acts as a capsule.

Exam 25: Microbial Pathogenesis

Petechiae, which result from large amounts of endotoxin, are distinguished by which symptom?

Toxins with ADP ribosyltransferase activity cause

Which of the following protein secretory systems injects effector molecules directly from the bacterial cytoplasm into the host cytoplasm?

Which of the following bacteria would you expect to cause the most severe blood disease in a susceptible host?

Which organism did Koch use to synthesize his two postulates?

The toxin gene in Corynebacterium diphtheriae is located on

Which of the following produces a toxin that disrupts protein synthesis?

Why is a microbial agent that prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion more virulent as an intracellular pathogen than one that is not?

Which of the following is considered a virulence factor?

Which of the following does NOT result from the release of endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria?

Consider two isolates, A and B. Microbe A had an LD₅₀ of 5 * 10⁴, while microbe B recorded an LD₅₀ of 5 * 10⁷. Which isolate is more virulent?

The ability to survive in the harsh environment of the phagolysosome is a virulence factor produced by

What is the rationale for designating disease-causing protozoa and worms as parasites, not as pathogens?

Describe what is occurring in the figure below.

Which of the following is classified as an intracellular bacterial pathogen?

Multivalent adhesion molecule 7, or MAM7, is a unique adhesion because it

Describe what kind of assembly is occurring in the figure below, and identify the molecules that are present.

What type of toxin is the alpha hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus?

The anthrax, Escherichia coli, cholera, and Bordetella toxins all

The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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