Exam 6: The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Recall that Aronson and his colleagues asked college students either to compose a persuasive message advocating the use of condoms or to compose and deliver their message in front of a video camera.In addition, half of the participants in each group were made mindful of the times that they didn't use condoms.Which (fictitious) participant below would experience the most dissonance and express a greater willingness to use condoms in the future?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 181

Why did participants in an experiment conducted by Berscheid and her colleagues (1968) derogate their victims unless they thought they would switch roles with the victim and receive shocks themselves? In this case, participants

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 182

All of the following processes EXCEPT ??????????????????????________ are motivated by the need to preserve or maintain self-esteem.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 183

Petar and Nikolas love the house that they just toured.It is a short sale for $180,000, which is a great price.They are very excited and want to put in an offer.After they begin the paperwork, their realtor tells them that the price does not include the fixtures or the appliances.Those will likely cost an extra $20,000.What tactic is the realtor using?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 184

Recall that researchers conducted an experiment in which some participants were asked by the experimenter to return the monetary compensation they had received as a special favor to him, while others were asked by the department secretary to return the money as a favor to the psychology department, and still others received no such request for the return of their compensation.The researchers found that participants who were approached by the experimenter evaluated him better than did participants in the other two experimental conditions.Why?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 185

Imagine you really enjoy lying out in the sun to get a deep, dark tan.If you heard arguments both for and against tanning, you would probably remember arguments for tanning, and arguments against tanning.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 186

The authors of your text explain that people tend to overestimate how bad they will feel if a negative event were to happen to them.This tendency is called

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 187

When people state publicly an opinion that is at odds with their own private attitudes, they are engaging in

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 188

How would a dissonance theorist explain the paradoxical finding that we are apt to like our adversaries after doing them a favor and to dislike our friends after treating them badly?

(Essay)

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Question 189

In a study referred to in the text (Peterson, Haynes, & Olson, 2008), smokers were asked to create an antismoking video to be shown to high school students, invoking dissonance in the smokers.Based on other research in this chapter, how were these smokers, who particularly felt like hypocrites, most likely to behave?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 190

Two weeks after making a public statement at odds with his previous positions, which politician is most likely to report to his close friends that he sticks by his most recent (contradictory) statement?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 191

People generally think they would like to be able to easily change a decision they've made; however, the research on cognitive dissonance suggests that people actually are with their choice when a decision is more permanent.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 192

Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy once wrote, "We do not love people so much for the good they have done us as for the good we have done them." This quote is most closely related to the concept of

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 193

In addition to the pull of charismatic leaders, the social support of fellow cult members, and the isolation of cult members from dissenting viewpoints, why else do cult members behave as they do?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 194

Assume that in experiments conducted by Aronson and his colleagues Sally was randomly assigned to write and deliver a pro-condom speech to be shown to high school students.She also listed all the times she found it awkward or impossible to use condoms in her sexual encounters.After completing these tasks, Sally reduced her dissonance by reporting a greater willingness to use condoms in her future sexual activities.Why? She

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 195

George thinks of himself as an honest person until his brother reminds him that he's been known to keep extra change given to him by a cashier and to stock his home office for a sideline business with supplies taken from his job.George is now probably feeling a sense of discomfort known as

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 196

The authors of your text present a study in which monkeys were given a choice between different colors of M&Ms-later, their preference for different colors of M&Ms was reassessed.The researchers found that the monkeys

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 197

Showing 181 - 197 of 197

Why did participants in an experiment conducted by Berscheid and her colleagues (1968) derogate their victims unless they thought they would switch roles with the victim and receive shocks themselves? In this case, participants

All of the following processes EXCEPT ??????????????????????________ are motivated by the need to preserve or maintain self-esteem.

Imagine you really enjoy lying out in the sun to get a deep, dark tan.If you heard arguments both for and against tanning, you would probably remember arguments for tanning, and arguments against tanning.

The authors of your text explain that people tend to overestimate how bad they will feel if a negative event were to happen to them.This tendency is called

When people state publicly an opinion that is at odds with their own private attitudes, they are engaging in

How would a dissonance theorist explain the paradoxical finding that we are apt to like our adversaries after doing them a favor and to dislike our friends after treating them badly?

Two weeks after making a public statement at odds with his previous positions, which politician is most likely to report to his close friends that he sticks by his most recent (contradictory) statement?

People generally think they would like to be able to easily change a decision they've made; however, the research on cognitive dissonance suggests that people actually are with their choice when a decision is more permanent.

Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy once wrote, "We do not love people so much for the good they have done us as for the good we have done them." This quote is most closely related to the concept of

In addition to the pull of charismatic leaders, the social support of fellow cult members, and the isolation of cult members from dissenting viewpoints, why else do cult members behave as they do?

George thinks of himself as an honest person until his brother reminds him that he's been known to keep extra change given to him by a cashier and to stock his home office for a sideline business with supplies taken from his job.George is now probably feeling a sense of discomfort known as

The authors of your text present a study in which monkeys were given a choice between different colors of M&Ms-later, their preference for different colors of M&Ms was reassessed.The researchers found that the monkeys

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures

Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 6: The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Why did participants in an experiment conducted by Berscheid and her colleagues (1968) derogate their victims unless they thought they would switch roles with the victim and receive shocks themselves? In this case, participants

All of the following processes EXCEPT ??????????????????????________ are motivated by the need to preserve or maintain self-esteem.

Imagine you really enjoy lying out in the sun to get a deep, dark tan.If you heard arguments both for and against tanning, you would probably remember ________ arguments for tanning, and ________ arguments against tanning.

The authors of your text explain that people tend to overestimate how bad they will feel if a negative event were to happen to them.This tendency is called

When people state publicly an opinion that is at odds with their own private attitudes, they are engaging in

How would a dissonance theorist explain the paradoxical finding that we are apt to like our adversaries after doing them a favor and to dislike our friends after treating them badly?

Two weeks after making a public statement at odds with his previous positions, which politician is most likely to report to his close friends that he sticks by his most recent (contradictory) statement?

People generally ________ think they would like to be able to easily change a decision they've made; however, the research on cognitive dissonance suggests that people actually are ________ with their choice when a decision is more permanent.

Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy once wrote, "We do not love people so much for the good they have done us as for the good we have done them." This quote is most closely related to the concept of

In addition to the pull of charismatic leaders, the social support of fellow cult members, and the isolation of cult members from dissenting viewpoints, why else do cult members behave as they do?

George thinks of himself as an honest person until his brother reminds him that he's been known to keep extra change given to him by a cashier and to stock his home office for a sideline business with supplies taken from his job.George is now probably feeling a sense of discomfort known as

The authors of your text present a study in which monkeys were given a choice between different colors of M&Ms-later, their preference for different colors of M&Ms was reassessed.The researchers found that the monkeys

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures

Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Imagine you really enjoy lying out in the sun to get a deep, dark tan.If you heard arguments both for and against tanning, you would probably remember arguments for tanning, and arguments against tanning.

People generally think they would like to be able to easily change a decision they've made; however, the research on cognitive dissonance suggests that people actually are with their choice when a decision is more permanent.