Question 1

Eicosanoids are not like hormones in that they

Accepted Answer

A) can alter blood flow. 
B) act in the area where they are formed. 
C) can mediate inflammation and swelling. 
D) are chemically diverse. 
A) can alter blood flow. 
B) act in the area where they are formed. 
C) can mediate inflammation and swelling. 
D) are chemically diverse. B

Question 2

In adult mammals fatty acid synthesis largely occurs in the cytosol of liver cells and adipocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which of the following is the regulated step of fatty acid synthesis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Carboxylation of acetyl CoA. 
B) Transportation of mitochondrial acetyl CoA into the cytosol. 
C) Assembly of the fatty acid chain. 
D) All of the above. 
A) Carboxylation of acetyl CoA. 
B) Transportation of mitochondrial acetyl CoA into the cytosol. 
C) Assembly of the fatty acid chain. 
D) All of the above. A

Question 4

The main function of the bile salts is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) transport lipids to the intestinal wall 
B) act as counterions for the ionized forms of lipids 
C) cleave the ester bonds in triacylglycerols to release free fatty acids 
D) form the surface layer of chylomicrons 
A) transport lipids to the intestinal wall 
B) act as counterions for the ionized forms of lipids 
C) cleave the ester bonds in triacylglycerols to release free fatty acids 
D) form the surface layer of chylomicrons

Question 5

Which statement is false about polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A) They have both odd-numbered and even-numbered double bonds. 
B) Their synthesis is more energy-efficient than the synthesis of saturated fatty acids. 
C) Some double bonds are rearranged during their degradation. 
D) They require D3,D2-enoyl-CoA isomerase for their oxidation. 
A) They have both odd-numbered and even-numbered double bonds. 
B) Their synthesis is more energy-efficient than the synthesis of saturated fatty acids. 
C) Some double bonds are rearranged during their degradation. 
D) They require D3,D2-enoyl-CoA isomerase for their oxidation.

Question 6

How many cycles of β-oxidation are required to completely process a saturated C18 fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 8 
C) 9 
D) 18 
A) 6 
B) 8 
C) 9 
D) 18

Question 7

Snake venom can cause the lysis of red blood cells due to the presence of phospholipase A2.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which is not a ketone body?

Accepted Answer

A) Dihydroxyacetone. 
B) Acetoacetate. 
C) Acetone. 
D) β-hydroxybutyrate. 
A) Dihydroxyacetone. 
B) Acetoacetate. 
C) Acetone. 
D) β-hydroxybutyrate.

Question 9

Phosphatidylcholine synthesis occurs in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells 
B) Golgi apparatus 
C) mitochondrion 
D) plasma membrane 
A) endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells 
B) Golgi apparatus 
C) mitochondrion 
D) plasma membrane

Question 10

What type of reactions occur to convert glycerol-3-phosphate to phosphatidate?

Accepted Answer

A) Esterification. 
B) Dephosphorylation. 
C) Phosphorylation. 
D) Decarboxylation. 
E) Hemiacetal formation. 
A) Esterification. 
B) Dephosphorylation. 
C) Phosphorylation. 
D) Decarboxylation. 
E) Hemiacetal formation.

Question 11

Why is poor plasmalogen synthesis potentially fatal?

Accepted Answer

A) The nervous system is affected because plasmalogens are important constituents of the myelin sheath. 
B) The mitochondria will not function properly due to lack of plasmalogen produced cardiolipin. 
C) Poor nutrient absorption will occur in the small intestine where plasmalogens aid with the absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins and other hydrophobic substances. 
D) Protein synthesis is affected due to the inability of plasmalogens binding ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
A) The nervous system is affected because plasmalogens are important constituents of the myelin sheath. 
B) The mitochondria will not function properly due to lack of plasmalogen produced cardiolipin. 
C) Poor nutrient absorption will occur in the small intestine where plasmalogens aid with the absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins and other hydrophobic substances. 
D) Protein synthesis is affected due to the inability of plasmalogens binding ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 12

In mammals the oxidation of fatty acids produces a two-carbon product and the synthesis of fatty acids begins with a two-carbon substrate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

There are four steps in the β-oxidation pathway.Some reaction types are listed below.Give the proper reaction types in the order that they occur in the β-oxidation pathway. 
1. condensation
2. oxidation
3. reduction
4. thiolysis
5. hydration
6. phosphorylation
7. rearrangement

Accepted Answer

A) 1,7,2,2 
B) 6,3,4,2 
C) 1,2,3,5 
D) 2,5,2,4 
A) 1,7,2,2 
B) 6,3,4,2 
C) 1,2,3,5 
D) 2,5,2,4

Question 14

A biotin-dependent enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the carboxylation of acetyl CoA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The structure shown below is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) taurocholate 
B) glycerophospholipid 
C) carnitine 
D) lysophosphoglyceride 
A) taurocholate 
B) glycerophospholipid 
C) carnitine 
D) lysophosphoglyceride

Question 16

Which do you expect to have the highest protein content by percent?

Accepted Answer

A) VLDLs. 
B) ILDs. 
C) HDLs. 
D) All of the lipids above have about the same protein content. 
A) VLDLs. 
B) ILDs. 
C) HDLs. 
D) All of the lipids above have about the same protein content.

Question 17

The enzyme for β-oxidation is trifunctional with a2b2 tertiary structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Before free fatty acids can be incorporated into lipids,they must be activated to

Accepted Answer

A) eicosanoids. 
B) thioesters of Coenzyme A. 
C) acyl carrier protein (ACP). 
D) NADPH. 
A) eicosanoids. 
B) thioesters of Coenzyme A. 
C) acyl carrier protein (ACP). 
D) NADPH.

Question 19

The hydration step in the synthesis of acyl-ACP for fatty acid elongation forms the ________ isomers of the beta-hydroxy intermediate while the ________ isomers are formed during fatty acid degradation.

Accepted Answer

A) L,L 
B) L,D 
C) D,L 
D) D,D 
A) L,L 
B) L,D 
C) D,L 
D) D,D

Question 20

Which sphingolipid is a precursor for all other types of sphingolipids?

Accepted Answer

A) Sphingomyelin. 
B) Cerebroside. 
C) Ganglioside. 
D) Ceramide. 
A) Sphingomyelin. 
B) Cerebroside. 
C) Ganglioside. 
D) Ceramide.

Exam 16: Lipid Metabolism

Eicosanoids are not like hormones in that they

In adult mammals fatty acid synthesis largely occurs in the cytosol of liver cells and adipocytes.

Which of the following is the regulated step of fatty acid synthesis in eukaryotes?

The main function of the bile salts is to ________.

Which statement is false about polyunsaturated fatty acids?

How many cycles of β-oxidation are required to completely process a saturated C18 fatty acid?

Snake venom can cause the lysis of red blood cells due to the presence of phospholipase A2.

Which is not a ketone body?

Phosphatidylcholine synthesis occurs in the ________.

What type of reactions occur to convert glycerol-3-phosphate to phosphatidate?

Why is poor plasmalogen synthesis potentially fatal?

In mammals the oxidation of fatty acids produces a two-carbon product and the synthesis of fatty acids begins with a two-carbon substrate.

There are four steps in the β-oxidation pathway.Some reaction types are listed below.Give the proper reaction types in the order that they occur in the β-oxidation pathway. 1. condensation 2. oxidation 3. reduction 4. thiolysis 5. hydration 6. phosphorylation 7. rearrangement

A biotin-dependent enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the carboxylation of acetyl CoA.

The structure shown below is ________.

Which do you expect to have the highest protein content by percent?

The enzyme for β-oxidation is trifunctional with a2b2 tertiary structure.

Before free fatty acids can be incorporated into lipids,they must be activated to

The hydration step in the synthesis of acyl-ACP for fatty acid elongation forms the ________ isomers of the beta-hydroxy intermediate while the ________ isomers are formed during fatty acid degradation.

Which sphingolipid is a precursor for all other types of sphingolipids?

Introduction to Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids and the Primary Structures of Proteins

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure and Function

Properties of Enzymes

Mechanisms of Enzymes

Coenzymes and Vitamins

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Membranes

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis, the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, and Glycogen Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Atp Synthesis

Photosynthesis

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acids

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Transcription and RNA Processing

Protein Synthesis

Filters

The hydration step in the synthesis of acyl-ACP for fatty acid elongation forms the isomers of the beta-hydroxy intermediate while the isomers are formed during fatty acid degradation.