Question 1

Both amylose and amylopectin molecules isolated from plant cells can contain as many as ________ glucose residues.

Accepted Answer

A) 25 
B) 500 
C) 1000 
D) 2000 
E) 6000 
A) 25 
B) 500 
C) 1000 
D) 2000 
E) 6000 C

Question 2

Polysaccharide structure can be varied by differences in

Accepted Answer

A) chain length (number of sugars in each polysaccharide). 
B) the kind(s)of sugars in each polysaccharides. 
C) the presence of branching. 
D) All of the above. 
A) chain length (number of sugars in each polysaccharide). 
B) the kind(s)of sugars in each polysaccharides. 
C) the presence of branching. 
D) All of the above. D

Question 3

What is the name of the disaccharide shown below that is formed by joining two monomers of D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranose. 
B) α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-glucopyranose. 
C) β-D-glucofuranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucofuranose. 
D) α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranose. 
A) β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranose. 
B) α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-glucopyranose. 
C) β-D-glucofuranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucofuranose. 
D) α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranose. A

Question 4

What distinguishes an aldonic acid from an alduronic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) The oxidation of the aldehyde group in an aldonic acid and the oxidation of the highest numbered carbon in the alduronic acid. 
B) Aldonic acids are derivatives of aldoses,alduronic acids are derivatives of ketoses. 
C) Aldonic acids are oxidized forms of linear monosaccharides;alduronic acids are oxidized forms of cyclic monosaccharides. 
D) The two terms are synonyms and are used interchangeably. 
A) The oxidation of the aldehyde group in an aldonic acid and the oxidation of the highest numbered carbon in the alduronic acid. 
B) Aldonic acids are derivatives of aldoses,alduronic acids are derivatives of ketoses. 
C) Aldonic acids are oxidized forms of linear monosaccharides;alduronic acids are oxidized forms of cyclic monosaccharides. 
D) The two terms are synonyms and are used interchangeably.

Question 5

The major proteoglycan in cartilage is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) hyaluronic acid 
B) cellobiose 
C) link protein 
D) aggrecan 
A) hyaluronic acid 
B) cellobiose 
C) link protein 
D) aggrecan

Question 6

The structures of D-ribose and D-arabinose are shown below.These two molecules are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) epimers 
B) enantiomers 
C) tautomers 
D) anomers 
A) epimers 
B) enantiomers 
C) tautomers 
D) anomers

Question 7

Enzymatic lengthening and degradation of glycogen occurs only at the non-reducing ends.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Hydrolysis of maltose will yield ________.

Accepted Answer

A) glucose and galactose 
B) fructose and glucose 
C) glucose and mannose 
D) glucose only 
A) glucose and galactose 
B) fructose and glucose 
C) glucose and mannose 
D) glucose only

Question 9

The large number of possible oligosaccharide structures in glycoproteins is limited in cells by the kinds of enzymes available for their synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose cannot hydrolyze amylopectin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The compounds α-D-fructofuranose and β-D-fructofuranose are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) enantiomers 
B) mutamers 
C) anomers 
D) conformational isomers 
A) enantiomers 
B) mutamers 
C) anomers 
D) conformational isomers

Question 12

Both nucleotides and nucleosides are glycosides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Some glycoproteins may have identical protein components and variable polysaccharide components.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Cellulose is not highly branched because it

Accepted Answer

A) does not have a polysaccharide backbone. 
B) does not have α(1→6)linkages. 
C) does not have β(1→4)linkages. 
D) is insoluble in water. 
A) does not have a polysaccharide backbone. 
B) does not have α(1→6)linkages. 
C) does not have β(1→4)linkages. 
D) is insoluble in water.

Question 15

The simplest aldose is the chiral molecule glyceraldehyde.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Nodulation factors are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) polysaccharides that help maintain the integrity of tree bark 
B) lipo-oligosaccharides that stimulate the growth of nitrogen-fixing structures in plants 
C) polysaccharides used to store energy in the roots of plants 
D) lipo-saccharides that are often found in tumors 
A) polysaccharides that help maintain the integrity of tree bark 
B) lipo-oligosaccharides that stimulate the growth of nitrogen-fixing structures in plants 
C) polysaccharides used to store energy in the roots of plants 
D) lipo-saccharides that are often found in tumors

Question 17

Which is true about naturally occurring monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A) The L-isomers predominate. 
B) The D-isomers predominate. 
C) The L and D-isomers occur in equal ratios. 
D) The ratio of L and D-isomers varies widely depending on the source. 
A) The L-isomers predominate. 
B) The D-isomers predominate. 
C) The L and D-isomers occur in equal ratios. 
D) The ratio of L and D-isomers varies widely depending on the source.

Question 18

The sugar derivative found in DNA is an oxidized form of ribose.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

You have two bottles,each of which contains a white,crystalline substance.Your lab director tells you that one contains lactose and the other sucrose.Your job is to determine which bottle contains which sugar.Which procedure would you use?

Accepted Answer

A) Test both for solubility in water.Sucrose is very soluble;lactose is only minimally soluble. 
B) Test for the ability to reduce Ag+.Only lactose will react. 
C) Dissolve each in water and record the pH.Lactose is far more acidic than sucrose. 
D) React each with bromine (Br₂)water.Only sucrose will react. 
A) Test both for solubility in water.Sucrose is very soluble;lactose is only minimally soluble. 
B) Test for the ability to reduce Ag+.Only lactose will react. 
C) Dissolve each in water and record the pH.Lactose is far more acidic than sucrose. 
D) React each with bromine (Br₂)water.Only sucrose will react.

Question 20

All D-enantiomers of carbohydrates are dextrorotatory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Carbohydrates

Both amylose and amylopectin molecules isolated from plant cells can contain as many as ________ glucose residues.

Polysaccharide structure can be varied by differences in

What is the name of the disaccharide shown below that is formed by joining two monomers of D-glucose?

What distinguishes an aldonic acid from an alduronic acid?

The major proteoglycan in cartilage is ________.

The structures of D-ribose and D-arabinose are shown below.These two molecules are ________.

Enzymatic lengthening and degradation of glycogen occurs only at the non-reducing ends.

Hydrolysis of maltose will yield ________.

The large number of possible oligosaccharide structures in glycoproteins is limited in cells by the kinds of enzymes available for their synthesis.

Enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose cannot hydrolyze amylopectin.

The compounds α-D-fructofuranose and β-D-fructofuranose are ________.

Both nucleotides and nucleosides are glycosides.

Some glycoproteins may have identical protein components and variable polysaccharide components.

Cellulose is not highly branched because it

The simplest aldose is the chiral molecule glyceraldehyde.

Nodulation factors are ________.

Which is true about naturally occurring monosaccharides?

The sugar derivative found in DNA is an oxidized form of ribose.

You have two bottles,each of which contains a white,crystalline substance.Your lab director tells you that one contains lactose and the other sucrose.Your job is to determine which bottle contains which sugar.Which procedure would you use?

All D-enantiomers of carbohydrates are dextrorotatory.

Introduction to Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids and the Primary Structures of Proteins

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure and Function

Properties of Enzymes

Mechanisms of Enzymes

Coenzymes and Vitamins

Lipids and Membranes

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis, the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, and Glycogen Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Atp Synthesis

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acids

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Transcription and RNA Processing

Protein Synthesis

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