Exam 32: An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition

The following eight questions refer to Figure 32.2A (morphological) and Figure 32.2B (molecular) phylogenetic trees of the animal kingdom. Figure 32.2A: Morphological Phylogeny Figure 32.2B: Molecular Phylogeny -In the traditional phylogeny (Fig. 32.2A), the phylum Platyhelminthes is depicted as a sister taxon to the rest of the protostome phyla, and as having diverged earlier from the lineage that led to the rest of the protostomes. In the molecular phylogeny (Fig. 32.2B), Platyhelminthes is depicted as a lophotrochozoan phylum. What probably led to this change?

Sponges and cnidarians are among the fossilized animals found in both the Ediacara Hills and the Burgess Shale from the Rocky Mountains of British Colombia. This observation requires that

Which of the following is a correct association of an animal germ layer with the tissues or organs to which it gives rise?

Organisms that are neither coelomate nor pseudocoelomate should, apart from their digestive systems, have bodies that

What is True of the clade Ecdysozoa?

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a

What may have occurred to prevent species that are of the same grade from also belonging to the same clade?

Figure 32.1 shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following questions. -Which two groups have members that undergo ecdysis?

During metamorphosis, echinoderms undergo a transformation from motile larvae to a sedentary (or sometimes sessile)existence as adults. What differentiates echinoderm adults, but not their larvae? Adults should

In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are eliminated from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. A consequence of this occurrence is that

Among the characteristics unique to animals is

The following questions are based on the description below. A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage. The four smaller cells that comprise one hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45 degrees and lie in the grooves between larger, underlying cells (spiral cleavage). -If a multicellular animal lacks True tissues, then it can properly be included among the

An obsolete taxon, the "Radiata," included all phyla whose adults had True radial symmetry. Today, the "Radiata" is more correctly considered to be 1) a clade. 2) a grade. 3) monophyletic. 4) paraphyletic. 5) polyphyletic.

What is the correct sequence of the following four events during an animal's development? 1) gastrulation 2) metamorphosis 3) fertilization 4) cleavage

The following questions are based on the description below. A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage. The four smaller cells that comprise one hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45 degrees and lie in the grooves between larger, underlying cells (spiral cleavage). -If the current molecular evidence regarding animal origins is well substantiated in the future, then what will be True of any contrary evidence regarding the origin of animals derived from the fossil record?

Which statement is most consistent with the hypothesis that the Cambrian explosion was caused by the rise of predator-prey relationships?

An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most certainly also

The Hox genes came to regulate each of the following in what sequence, from earliest to most recent? 1) identity and position of paired appendages in protostome embryos 2) formation of water channels in sponges 3) anterior-posterior orientation of segments in protostome embryos 4) positioning of tentacles in cnidarians 5) anterior-posterior orientation in vertebrate embryos