Exam 2: Theory and Research

According to Freud,the part of the personality that operates on the "reality principle," realistically finding ways to obtain gratification,is the

__________ is the researcher best known for his theory of cognitive development.

Which studies have the greatest difficulty with the loss of subjects?

A long-lasting change in behavior as a result of experience or adaptation to its environment is called

According to the _________ perspective,people's actions are reactions to aspects of their environment that they find pleasing,painful,or threatening.

The word "manipulation" is most strongly associated with the __________ technique.

Organismic theorists emphasize __________ change,while mechanistic theorists emphasize __________ change.

Experimenters can ensure results that are representative of a given population through

In classical conditioning,an association is learned between

From Jean Piaget's perspective,a child who alters her behavior to more effectively deal with a new situation is exhibiting

In an experiment,one group of children is given a drink each day with a special vitamin supplement.A second group of children is given the same drink but without the vitamin.Later,all children are given an IQ test to see if the vitamin had an effect on intelligence.In this experiment,the children's scores on the IQ test would be the

The two major points of Jean Piaget's cognitive perspective are that people are active in their environment and that behavior develops ______.

Professor Watt studies the behavior of children whose parents divorced six months before the children started school and children whose parents divorced two years before the children started school.Both groups of children are then followed and measured over the course of several years.This is which kind of design?

A disadvantage of the use of naturalistic observation techniques is that they

When a child first sucks on a sippy cup the same way the child sucked from a bottle,the child is trying to learn to drink from the cup using the process of

Which American psychologist developed the bioecological perspective,which involves five interlocking contextual systems ranging from the most intimate to the most distant?

When a researcher decides to travel with the circus to observe the performers,without altering the environment they live and work in,the research is

Which of the following methods was designed to deal with the disadvantages of both the longitudinal and cross-sectional designs?

The use of operant conditioning to modify or shape human behavior is called

According to Jean Piaget,what is the primary goal or need that leads children to change their ways of thinking to adapt to new experiences?