Question 1

Punishment __________ a behavior by bringing on a(n)__________event.

Accepted Answer

A) increases;aversive or unpleasant 
B) suppresses;aversive or unpleasant 
C) suppresses;positive or pleasant 
D) increases;negative or unpleasant 
A) increases;aversive or unpleasant 
B) suppresses;aversive or unpleasant 
C) suppresses;positive or pleasant 
D) increases;negative or unpleasant

Question 2

A teacher is helping to direct and organize Jay's learning with blocks to help him master and internalize his skills.This reflects Vygotsky's notion of

Accepted Answer

A) structured application. 
B) zone of proximal development. 
C) distal learning. 
D) zone of distal development. 
A) structured application. 
B) zone of proximal development. 
C) distal learning. 
D) zone of distal development.

Question 3

In contrast with Freud,Erikson placed more emphasis on

Accepted Answer

A) physical development. 
B) intellectual development. 
C) the role of parents. 
D) social and cultural influences. 
A) physical development. 
B) intellectual development. 
C) the role of parents. 
D) social and cultural influences.

Question 4

In developing his psychoanalytic theory,Freud studied several individuals in great detail for an extended period of time.This technique is referred to as the __________ approach.

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory observation 
B) interview 
C) experimental 
D) case study 
A) laboratory observation 
B) interview 
C) experimental 
D) case study

Question 5

Suppose your psychology professor asks you to do a study examining how emotional reactions change in children between the ages of 3 and 12 years.Given that the study needs to be completed in less then two weeks,which type of data collection method should you employ?

Accepted Answer

A) Cross-sectional 
B) Longitudinal 
C) Sequential 
D) Ethological 
A) Cross-sectional 
B) Longitudinal 
C) Sequential 
D) Ethological

Question 6

According to Freud,during early childhood boys develop sexual attachment to their mothers.Freud called this development ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) the Electra complex 
B) the unconscious complex 
C) the Oedipus complex 
D) regressing 
A) the Electra complex 
B) the unconscious complex 
C) the Oedipus complex 
D) regressing

Question 7

A researcher who wants to find out if a statistical relationship exists between variables should use a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) questionnaire. 
B) correlation. 
C) experiment. 
D) case study. 
A) questionnaire. 
B) correlation. 
C) experiment. 
D) case study.

Question 8

The information-processing approach to explaining cognitive development compares the brain to a __________;sensory impressions go in and behavior comes out.

Accepted Answer

A) calculator 
B) computer 
C) modem 
D) telephone 
A) calculator 
B) computer 
C) modem 
D) telephone

Question 9

Freud's research stressed the importance of

Accepted Answer

A) conscious behavior. 
B) the role of heredity in parenting. 
C) ways in which early relationships affect later ones. 
D) the lack of use of recalling childhood experiences. 
A) conscious behavior. 
B) the role of heredity in parenting. 
C) ways in which early relationships affect later ones. 
D) the lack of use of recalling childhood experiences.

Question 10

The stage of psychosexual development that occurs during middle childhood and is characterized by relative calm is called the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) oral 
B) childhood 
C) latency 
D) anal 
A) oral 
B) childhood 
C) latency 
D) anal

Question 11

When test results are reasonably consistent from one time to another they are said to be

Accepted Answer

A) valid. 
B) reliable. 
C) operational. 
D) standardized. 
A) valid. 
B) reliable. 
C) operational. 
D) standardized.

Question 12

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,the first stage of development,which occurs during infancy,is

Accepted Answer

A) trust versus mistrust. 
B) autonomy versus state of doubt. 
C) initiative versus guilt. 
D) industry versus inferiority. 
A) trust versus mistrust. 
B) autonomy versus state of doubt. 
C) initiative versus guilt. 
D) industry versus inferiority.

Question 13

Daniel is doing research that involves gathering detailed descriptions from people about their beliefs.Daniel is doing which kind of research?

Accepted Answer

A) Qualitative 
B) Quantitative 
C) Theoretical 
D) Hypothetical 
A) Qualitative 
B) Quantitative 
C) Theoretical 
D) Hypothetical

Question 14

A plan for conducting a scientific investigation is a

Accepted Answer

A) research design. 
B) hypothetical study. 
C) scientific project. 
D) research grant. 
A) research design. 
B) hypothetical study. 
C) scientific project. 
D) research grant.

Question 15

Cohort differences are a problem for which kind of studies?

Accepted Answer

A) Time-sampling 
B) Cross-sectional 
C) Sequential 
D) Longitudinal 
A) Time-sampling 
B) Cross-sectional 
C) Sequential 
D) Longitudinal

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Piaget's theory of development?

Accepted Answer

A) It pays little attention to emotional development. 
B) It pays little attention to the influence of education on intellectual development. 
C) It overestimates the cognitive abilities of young children. 
D) It does not say much about individual differences in ability. 
A) It pays little attention to emotional development. 
B) It pays little attention to the influence of education on intellectual development. 
C) It overestimates the cognitive abilities of young children. 
D) It does not say much about individual differences in ability.

Question 17

One of the most reliable sampling methods is the use of __________,which increases the likelihood that the sample is representative of the population.

Accepted Answer

A) representative selection 
B) random assignment 
C) random selection 
D) random sample 
A) representative selection 
B) random assignment 
C) random selection 
D) random sample

Question 18

The proper order of Freud's psychosexual stages of development is

Accepted Answer

A) anal,phallic,oral,latency,genital. 
B) oral,anal,phallic,latency,genital. 
C) anal,oral,genital,latency,phallic. 
D) oral,latency,genital,anal,phallic. 
A) anal,phallic,oral,latency,genital. 
B) oral,anal,phallic,latency,genital. 
C) anal,oral,genital,latency,phallic. 
D) oral,latency,genital,anal,phallic.

Question 19

Reinforcement is most effective when it is __________ after the behavior it is designed to reinforce.

Accepted Answer

A) delayed 
B) immediately 
C) constant 
D) aversive 
A) delayed 
B) immediately 
C) constant 
D) aversive

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the neo-Piagetian perspective on cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) It emphasizes the efficiency with which information is processed. 
B) It explains individual differences in cognitive ability. 
C) It explains how qualitative changes in cognition take place. 
D) All of these are part of the neo-Piagetian perspective. 
A) It emphasizes the efficiency with which information is processed. 
B) It explains individual differences in cognitive ability. 
C) It explains how qualitative changes in cognition take place. 
D) All of these are part of the neo-Piagetian perspective.

Punishment a behavior by bringing on a(n)event.

A teacher is helping to direct and organize Jay's learning with blocks to help him master and internalize his skills.This reflects Vygotsky's notion of

In contrast with Freud,Erikson placed more emphasis on

In developing his psychoanalytic theory,Freud studied several individuals in great detail for an extended period of time.This technique is referred to as the __________ approach.

Suppose your psychology professor asks you to do a study examining how emotional reactions change in children between the ages of 3 and 12 years.Given that the study needs to be completed in less then two weeks,which type of data collection method should you employ?

According to Freud,during early childhood boys develop sexual attachment to their mothers.Freud called this development ______________.

A researcher who wants to find out if a statistical relationship exists between variables should use a(n)

The information-processing approach to explaining cognitive development compares the brain to a __________;sensory impressions go in and behavior comes out.

Freud's research stressed the importance of

The stage of psychosexual development that occurs during middle childhood and is characterized by relative calm is called the __________ stage.

When test results are reasonably consistent from one time to another they are said to be

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,the first stage of development,which occurs during infancy,is

Daniel is doing research that involves gathering detailed descriptions from people about their beliefs.Daniel is doing which kind of research?

A plan for conducting a scientific investigation is a

Cohort differences are a problem for which kind of studies?

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Piaget's theory of development?

One of the most reliable sampling methods is the use of __________,which increases the likelihood that the sample is representative of the population.

The proper order of Freud's psychosexual stages of development is

Reinforcement is most effective when it is __________ after the behavior it is designed to reinforce.

Which of the following best explains the neo-Piagetian perspective on cognitive development?

The Study of Human Development

Forming a New Life

Birth and Physical Development During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood

Dealing With Death and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 2: Theory and Research

Punishment __________ a behavior by bringing on a(n)__________event.

A teacher is helping to direct and organize Jay's learning with blocks to help him master and internalize his skills.This reflects Vygotsky's notion of

In contrast with Freud,Erikson placed more emphasis on

In developing his psychoanalytic theory,Freud studied several individuals in great detail for an extended period of time.This technique is referred to as the __________ approach.

Suppose your psychology professor asks you to do a study examining how emotional reactions change in children between the ages of 3 and 12 years.Given that the study needs to be completed in less then two weeks,which type of data collection method should you employ?

According to Freud,during early childhood boys develop sexual attachment to their mothers.Freud called this development ______________.

A researcher who wants to find out if a statistical relationship exists between variables should use a(n)

The information-processing approach to explaining cognitive development compares the brain to a __________;sensory impressions go in and behavior comes out.

Freud's research stressed the importance of

The stage of psychosexual development that occurs during middle childhood and is characterized by relative calm is called the __________ stage.

When test results are reasonably consistent from one time to another they are said to be

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,the first stage of development,which occurs during infancy,is

Daniel is doing research that involves gathering detailed descriptions from people about their beliefs.Daniel is doing which kind of research?

A plan for conducting a scientific investigation is a

Cohort differences are a problem for which kind of studies?

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Piaget's theory of development?

One of the most reliable sampling methods is the use of __________,which increases the likelihood that the sample is representative of the population.

The proper order of Freud's psychosexual stages of development is

Reinforcement is most effective when it is __________ after the behavior it is designed to reinforce.

Which of the following best explains the neo-Piagetian perspective on cognitive development?

The Study of Human Development

Forming a New Life

Birth and Physical Development During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood

Dealing With Death and Bereavement

Filters

Punishment a behavior by bringing on a(n)event.