Question 1

The chief advantage of experimental methods is that they are

Accepted Answer

A) more flexible than other methods. 
B) more generalized than other methods. 
C) more descriptive of real-life events. 
D) better able to determine cause and effect. 
A) more flexible than other methods. 
B) more generalized than other methods. 
C) more descriptive of real-life events. 
D) better able to determine cause and effect.

Question 2

In the study of human development,a theory is a set of

Accepted Answer

A) logically related statements seeking to describe,explain,and predict development. 
B) facts derived from research. 
C) research results that can prove behaviors. 
D) opinions of a well-known authority in a field. 
A) logically related statements seeking to describe,explain,and predict development. 
B) facts derived from research. 
C) research results that can prove behaviors. 
D) opinions of a well-known authority in a field.

Question 3

__________ is the principle that an organism will repeat behaviors when these behaviors are reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning 
C) Pleasure principle 
D) Reality principle 
A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning 
C) Pleasure principle 
D) Reality principle

Question 4

If Bill's behavior is viewed as passive and reactive,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) naturalistic 
B) mechanistic 
C) organismic 
D) maturationistic 
A) naturalistic 
B) mechanistic 
C) organismic 
D) maturationistic

Question 5

It is important for parents and teachers to understand how children think so they can more effectively _________ them.

Accepted Answer

A) discipline 
B) teach 
C) organize 
D) manage 
A) discipline 
B) teach 
C) organize 
D) manage

Question 6

Which one of the following personality entities would be most similar to what is called "conscience"?

Accepted Answer

A) Id 
B) Ego 
C) Superego 
D) Libido 
A) Id 
B) Ego 
C) Superego 
D) Libido

Question 7

Dr.Willard is studying the way in which infant siblings interact with one another in the home.According to the ecological approach,Dr.Willard is studying the children in their

Accepted Answer

A) microsystem. 
B) mesosystem. 
C) exosystem. 
D) macrosystem. 
A) microsystem. 
B) mesosystem. 
C) exosystem. 
D) macrosystem.

Question 8

According to Freud,the part of the personality that operates on the "pleasure principle," seeking the immediate gratification of desires,is the

Accepted Answer

A) id. 
B) ego. 
C) superego. 
D) ego ideal. 
A) id. 
B) ego. 
C) superego. 
D) ego ideal.

Question 9

The greatest difference between a laboratory experiment and a field experiment is the degree of

Accepted Answer

A) control. 
B) manipulation. 
C) random assignment. 
D) correlation. 
A) control. 
B) manipulation. 
C) random assignment. 
D) correlation.

Question 10

Piaget's term for the process of TAKING IN formation and incorporating it into existing ways of thinking is

Accepted Answer

A) schematization. 
B) shaping. 
C) accommodation. 
D) assimilation. 
A) schematization. 
B) shaping. 
C) accommodation. 
D) assimilation.

Question 11

Which of the following is a shortcoming of the laboratory experimental approach to understanding human development?

Accepted Answer

A) It is often difficult to randomly assign subjects to different treatment conditions. 
B) Experiments rarely inform us about cause-and-effect relationships. 
C) This technique does not work well for the study of aggression. 
D) The results may not be applicable outside the experimental situation. 
A) It is often difficult to randomly assign subjects to different treatment conditions. 
B) Experiments rarely inform us about cause-and-effect relationships. 
C) This technique does not work well for the study of aggression. 
D) The results may not be applicable outside the experimental situation.

Question 12

Stacy's mother believes that most of Stacy's acting out lately has been caused by unconscious forces within her that motivate her behavior.Stacy's mother follows the ______ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A) humanistic. 
B) ethological. 
C) psychoanalytic. 
D) learning. 
A) humanistic. 
B) ethological. 
C) psychoanalytic. 
D) learning.

Question 13

Learning theorists are most concerned with

Accepted Answer

A) measurable,observable behaviors. 
B) unconscious determination of behaviors. 
C) development of intelligence. 
D) personality conflicts between parents and children. 
A) measurable,observable behaviors. 
B) unconscious determination of behaviors. 
C) development of intelligence. 
D) personality conflicts between parents and children.

Question 14

A controlled procedure in which the experimenter manipulates variables to learn how one affects another is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) manipulation. 
B) experiment. 
C) observation 
D) correlation. 
A) manipulation. 
B) experiment. 
C) observation 
D) correlation.

Question 15

In an experiment,Professor Daley manipulates the __________ variable and then looks for an effect of that manipulation by measuring the ___________variable.

Accepted Answer

A) dependent;independent 
B) control;experimental 
C) experimental;control 
D) independent;dependent 
A) dependent;independent 
B) control;experimental 
C) experimental;control 
D) independent;dependent

Question 16

According to social learning theory,the most important element in how children learn a language,deal with aggression,develop a sense of morality,and learn gender-appropriate behavior is

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) observation and imitation. 
C) punishment of inappropriate behavior. 
D) shaping of appropriate behavior. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) observation and imitation. 
C) punishment of inappropriate behavior. 
D) shaping of appropriate behavior.

Question 17

Christa,a rather demonstrative 7-year-old,hits her brother for laughing at her,and feels guilty about it afterward.According to Freud,Christa's guilty feelings reflect the operation of the

Accepted Answer

A) id. 
B) ego. 
C) superego. 
D) defense mechanism. 
A) id. 
B) ego. 
C) superego. 
D) defense mechanism.

Question 18

Most of the early pioneers in psychology,such as Sigmund Freud,Erik Erikson,and Jean Piaget,favored the __________ perspective on human development,which views development as occurring in specific stages.

Accepted Answer

A) organismic 
B) quantitative 
C) mechanistic 
D) behavioristic 
A) organismic 
B) quantitative 
C) mechanistic 
D) behavioristic

Question 19

A major distinction between Piaget's developmental theory and the information-processing approach is that

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget sees development as continuous,whereas the information-processing approach views development as occurring in distinct stages. 
B) Piaget sees development as an active process,whereas the information-processing view sees the organism as passive. 
C) Piaget focused on perception,whereas the information-processing approach focuses on thinking and memory. 
D) Piaget sees development as occurring in stages,whereas the information-processing approach sees development as continuous. 
A) Piaget sees development as continuous,whereas the information-processing approach views development as occurring in distinct stages. 
B) Piaget sees development as an active process,whereas the information-processing view sees the organism as passive. 
C) Piaget focused on perception,whereas the information-processing approach focuses on thinking and memory. 
D) Piaget sees development as occurring in stages,whereas the information-processing approach sees development as continuous.

Question 20

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,a teenage girl would be facing the crisis of

Accepted Answer

A) intimacy versus isolation. 
B) integrity versus despair. 
C) industry versus inferiority. 
D) identity versus identity confusion. 
A) intimacy versus isolation. 
B) integrity versus despair. 
C) industry versus inferiority. 
D) identity versus identity confusion.

The chief advantage of experimental methods is that they are

In the study of human development,a theory is a set of

__________ is the principle that an organism will repeat behaviors when these behaviors are reinforced.

If Bill's behavior is viewed as passive and reactive,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.

It is important for parents and teachers to understand how children think so they can more effectively _________ them.

Which one of the following personality entities would be most similar to what is called "conscience"?

Dr.Willard is studying the way in which infant siblings interact with one another in the home.According to the ecological approach,Dr.Willard is studying the children in their

According to Freud,the part of the personality that operates on the "pleasure principle," seeking the immediate gratification of desires,is the

The greatest difference between a laboratory experiment and a field experiment is the degree of

Piaget's term for the process of TAKING IN formation and incorporating it into existing ways of thinking is

Which of the following is a shortcoming of the laboratory experimental approach to understanding human development?

Stacy's mother believes that most of Stacy's acting out lately has been caused by unconscious forces within her that motivate her behavior.Stacy's mother follows the ______ perspective.

Learning theorists are most concerned with

A controlled procedure in which the experimenter manipulates variables to learn how one affects another is a(n)

In an experiment,Professor Daley manipulates the variable and then looks for an effect of that manipulation by measuring the _variable.

According to social learning theory,the most important element in how children learn a language,deal with aggression,develop a sense of morality,and learn gender-appropriate behavior is

Christa,a rather demonstrative 7-year-old,hits her brother for laughing at her,and feels guilty about it afterward.According to Freud,Christa's guilty feelings reflect the operation of the

Most of the early pioneers in psychology,such as Sigmund Freud,Erik Erikson,and Jean Piaget,favored the __________ perspective on human development,which views development as occurring in specific stages.

A major distinction between Piaget's developmental theory and the information-processing approach is that

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,a teenage girl would be facing the crisis of

The Study of Human Development

Forming a New Life

Birth and Physical Development During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood

Dealing With Death and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 2: Theory and Research

The chief advantage of experimental methods is that they are

In the study of human development,a theory is a set of

__________ is the principle that an organism will repeat behaviors when these behaviors are reinforced.

If Bill's behavior is viewed as passive and reactive,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.

It is important for parents and teachers to understand how children think so they can more effectively _________ them.

Which one of the following personality entities would be most similar to what is called "conscience"?

Dr.Willard is studying the way in which infant siblings interact with one another in the home.According to the ecological approach,Dr.Willard is studying the children in their

According to Freud,the part of the personality that operates on the "pleasure principle," seeking the immediate gratification of desires,is the

The greatest difference between a laboratory experiment and a field experiment is the degree of

Piaget's term for the process of TAKING IN formation and incorporating it into existing ways of thinking is

Which of the following is a shortcoming of the laboratory experimental approach to understanding human development?

Stacy's mother believes that most of Stacy's acting out lately has been caused by unconscious forces within her that motivate her behavior.Stacy's mother follows the ______ perspective.

Learning theorists are most concerned with

A controlled procedure in which the experimenter manipulates variables to learn how one affects another is a(n)

In an experiment,Professor Daley manipulates the __________ variable and then looks for an effect of that manipulation by measuring the ___________variable.

According to social learning theory,the most important element in how children learn a language,deal with aggression,develop a sense of morality,and learn gender-appropriate behavior is

Christa,a rather demonstrative 7-year-old,hits her brother for laughing at her,and feels guilty about it afterward.According to Freud,Christa's guilty feelings reflect the operation of the

Most of the early pioneers in psychology,such as Sigmund Freud,Erik Erikson,and Jean Piaget,favored the __________ perspective on human development,which views development as occurring in specific stages.

A major distinction between Piaget's developmental theory and the information-processing approach is that

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,a teenage girl would be facing the crisis of

The Study of Human Development

Forming a New Life

Birth and Physical Development During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood

Dealing With Death and Bereavement

Filters

In an experiment,Professor Daley manipulates the variable and then looks for an effect of that manipulation by measuring the _variable.