Exam 2: Theory and Research

Which of the following is NOT one of the interrelated principles developed by Piaget to explain the gradual development of a child's mental processes?

Unlike Freud's theory,Erikson's theory of psychosocial development

The primary difference between a naturalistic observation and a laboratory observation is the degree of

Ann's mother has stopped reinforcing Ann to make her bed.Ann's bed-making behavior is likely to be ___________.

Each of Erikson's stages involved a major developmental issue that is particularly important at that time.Erikson referred to these issues as __________ in personality.

Two important learning theories are____________ and_______________.

Dr.Berry,who employs the ecological approach to human development,is studying the relationship between the quality of parent-child interactions in the home and the success of children in school.Dr.Berry is studying development at the __________ level of environmental influence.

Stacy feels confident in knowing she has what it takes to succeed.Stacy has developed

"If children learn aggression from models,then children who watch violent television shows should be more aggressive than children who watch nonviolent shows." This is an example of a

Professor Bailey watches Tehra closely through a one-way mirror as she participates in her social studies class.This is an example of what research method?

Piaget's use of questions and flexible exploration of a child's responses is known as the __________ method.

An example of Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt would be

Which type of study is time-consuming,expensive,and has problems associated with attrition?

A good theory develops __________,which can then be tested by research.

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with observational studies?

Dr.Charles is interested in how certain behaviors such as smiling helps to bond parents and ensure a child's survival.Dr.Charles is interested in the ______ perspective.

According to the __________ perspective,development can be understood only when individual behavior is observed in interaction with the environment.

____________ refers to the temporary support that parents,teachers,and others give a child in doing a task until the child can do it alone.

Psychologist Lev Vygotsky saw cognitive growth as a collaborative process in which children learn through social

Sociocultural theory,developed by __________,stresses children's active involvement with their environment as the process by which they acquire cognitive skills.