Exam 8: Muscle Physiology

Match the sarcomere component with the correct characteristic. a.Z line b.A band c.I band d.H zone -Runs down the middle of the A band

The _________-__________ component is the noncontractile tissue part of a muscle.

Cross bridges have actin binding sites that are normally covered by troponin and tropomyosin except during excitation-contraction coupling.

Calcium-calmodulin complexes activate enzymes called ___________, which add a phosphate to specific parts of the thick myofilaments in smooth muscle cells.

Describe calcium's role in the contraction of the sarcomere in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues.Include the following in your answer: sarcomere, myosin, actin, myosin-binding sites, cross bridge, sarcoplasmic reticulum, ATP, ADP and Pᵢ, troponin, tropomyosin, and Ca²⁺ channels.

During contraction of a sarcomere,

Which of the following does not directly influence motor neurons?

During contraction of skeletal muscle fibers, the

Fatigue is the failure of a muscle fiber to maintain ____ as a result of previous contractile activity.

Indicate which of the characteristics in question apply to each of the muscle fiber types by using the following answer code: a.Slow-oxidative fiber b.Fast-oxidative fiber c.Fast-glycolytic fiber d.Slow-oxidative fiber and fast-oxidative fiber e.Fast-oxidative fiber and fast-glycolytic fiber f.Slow-oxidative fiber, fast-oxidative fiber and fast-glycolytic fiber -Can be transformed into another fiber type by specific training

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ____ when a muscle is relaxed and releases it for binding to ____ during contraction.

Indicate which of the muscle proteins in skeletal muscle is associated with the item in question by writing the appropriate letters in the blanks using the answer code below: a.actin only b.myosin only c.actin and myosin d.troponin-tropomyosin complex e.actin, troponin, and tropomyosin f.actin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin -Lie(s) near the groove of the thin filament helix

The M line is formed by a flattened disc-like cytoskeletal protein that connects the thin filaments of two adjoining sarcomeres.

Indicate which of the muscle proteins in skeletal muscle is associated with the item in question by writing the appropriate letters in the blanks using the answer code below: a.actin only b.myosin only c.actin and myosin d.troponin-tropomyosin complex e.actin, troponin, and tropomyosin f.actin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin -Found in the sarcomere

Match muscle type with the correct characteristics. a.voluntary, neurogenic, and striated b.voluntary, neurogenic, and nonstriated c.involuntary, myogenic, and striated d.involuntary, neurogenic and nonstriated e.involuntary, myogenic, and nonstriated -Multi-unit smooth muscle

Indicate which type of muscle is associated with the property in question by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the answer code below: a.skeletal muscle only b.single-unit smooth muscle only c.cardiac muscle only d.skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle e.skeletal muscle and single-unit smooth muscle f.single-unit smooth muscle and cardiac muscle g.skeletal, single-unit smooth, and cardiac muscles -Is considered to be involuntary

The ____________________ is the extensor muscle found in the thigh that contracts during the patellar tendon reflex.

The shorter a muscle fiber is before the onset of a contraction, the greater the force that can be developed upon the subsequent contraction because the thin filaments are already partially slid inward.

____________________ fatigue in a muscle occurs when acetylcholine is no longer available in adequate amounts to stimulate muscle fibers.

Both multi-unit and single-unit smooth muscle are under motor control from the autonomic nervous system.