Question 1

Graded potentials

Accepted Answer

A) produce an effect that increases with distance from the point of stimulation. 
B) produce an effect that spreads actively across the membrane surface. 
C) may be either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization. 
D) are often all-or-none. 
E) cause repolarization. 
A) produce an effect that increases with distance from the point of stimulation. 
B) produce an effect that spreads actively across the membrane surface. 
C) may be either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization. 
D) are often all-or-none. 
E) cause repolarization.

Question 2

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-Which area of the graph shows when chemically gated sodium channels are open?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 5 
E) 4 
A) 3 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 5 
E) 4

Question 3

How would the absolute refractory period be affected if voltage-regulated sodium channels failed to inactivate?

Accepted Answer

A) It would last indefinitely. 
B) It would be much briefer. 
C) It would be basically unaffected. 
A) It would last indefinitely. 
B) It would be much briefer. 
C) It would be basically unaffected.

Question 4

The presence of ________ dramatically increases the speed at which an action potential moves along an axon.

Accepted Answer

A) a capsule 
B) plasma protein 
C) neurilemma 
D) glial cells 
E) myelin 
A) a capsule 
B) plasma protein 
C) neurilemma 
D) glial cells 
E) myelin

Question 5

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "5."

Accepted Answer

A) axons 
B) telodendria 
C) dendritic spines 
D) synaptic terminals 
E) collateral branch 
A) axons 
B) telodendria 
C) dendritic spines 
D) synaptic terminals 
E) collateral branch

Question 6

When a second EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential)arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared,what occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) spatial summation 
B) temporal summation 
C) inhibition of the impulse 
D) hyperpolarization 
E) decrease in speed of impulse transmission 
A) spatial summation 
B) temporal summation 
C) inhibition of the impulse 
D) hyperpolarization 
E) decrease in speed of impulse transmission

Question 7

Any stimulus that opens a ________ ion channel will produce a graded potential.

Accepted Answer

A) voltage-gated 
B) chemically gated 
C) sodium 
D) mechanically gated 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) voltage-gated 
B) chemically gated 
C) sodium 
D) mechanically gated 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials)occur when

Accepted Answer

A) more potassium ions than usual leak out of a cell. 
B) more calcium ions than usual leak out of a cell. 
C) chloride ions enter a cell. 
D) extra sodium ions enter a cell. 
E) hyperpolarizations occur. 
A) more potassium ions than usual leak out of a cell. 
B) more calcium ions than usual leak out of a cell. 
C) chloride ions enter a cell. 
D) extra sodium ions enter a cell. 
E) hyperpolarizations occur.

Question 9

The same ________ can have different effects depending on the properties of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) neurotransmitter; receptor 
B) receptor; neurotransmitter 
C) substrate; receptor 
D) hormone; neurotransmitter 
E) propagation; neurotransmitter 
A) neurotransmitter; receptor 
B) receptor; neurotransmitter 
C) substrate; receptor 
D) hormone; neurotransmitter 
E) propagation; neurotransmitter

Question 10

The site of intercellular communication between a neuron and another cell is the

Accepted Answer

A) telodendria. 
B) synaptic terminals. 
C) collateral. 
D) hillock. 
E) synapse. 
A) telodendria. 
B) synaptic terminals. 
C) collateral. 
D) hillock. 
E) synapse.

Question 11

________ monitor the position of skeletal muscles and joints

Accepted Answer

A) Proprioceptors 
B) Internoceptors 
C) Photoreceptors 
D) Exteroceptors 
E) Pressoreceptors 
A) Proprioceptors 
B) Internoceptors 
C) Photoreceptors 
D) Exteroceptors 
E) Pressoreceptors

Question 12

Most CNS neurons lack centrioles.This observation explains

Accepted Answer

A) why CNS neurons grow such long axons. 
B) why CNS neurons cannot divide to regenerate damaged tissue. 
C) the ability of neurons to generate an action potential. 
D) the ability of neurons to communicate with each other. 
E) the ability of neurons to produce a resting potential. 
A) why CNS neurons grow such long axons. 
B) why CNS neurons cannot divide to regenerate damaged tissue. 
C) the ability of neurons to generate an action potential. 
D) the ability of neurons to communicate with each other. 
E) the ability of neurons to produce a resting potential.

Question 13

________ neurons are short,with a cell body between dendrite and axon,and occur in special sense organs.

Accepted Answer

A) Multipolar 
B) Anaxonic 
C) Unipolar 
D) Bipolar 
E) Motor 
A) Multipolar 
B) Anaxonic 
C) Unipolar 
D) Bipolar 
E) Motor

Question 14

Compounds that alter the rate of neurotransmitter release by the presynaptic neuron or change the postsynaptic cell's response to neurotransmitters are called

Accepted Answer

A) anticholinergics. 
B) cholinergic chemicals. 
C) amines. 
D) neuromodulators. 
E) adrenergic chemicals. 
A) anticholinergics. 
B) cholinergic chemicals. 
C) amines. 
D) neuromodulators. 
E) adrenergic chemicals.

Question 15

Most neurons lack ________ and so are permanently blocked from undergoing cell division.

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomes 
B) endoplasmic reticula 
C) a nucleus 
D) centrioles 
E) cytoplasm 
A) ribosomes 
B) endoplasmic reticula 
C) a nucleus 
D) centrioles 
E) cytoplasm

Question 16

When cholinergic receptors are stimulated,

Accepted Answer

A) sodium ions enter the postsynaptic neuron. 
B) sodium ions leave the postsynaptic neuron. 
C) chloride ions enter the postsynaptic neuron. 
D) chloride ions leave the postsynaptic neuron. 
E) norepinephrine deactivates acetylcholine. 
A) sodium ions enter the postsynaptic neuron. 
B) sodium ions leave the postsynaptic neuron. 
C) chloride ions enter the postsynaptic neuron. 
D) chloride ions leave the postsynaptic neuron. 
E) norepinephrine deactivates acetylcholine.

Question 17

In the peripheral nervous system,Schwann cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves by

Accepted Answer

A) producing new axons. 
B) regenerating cell bodies for the neurons. 
C) forming a cellular cord that directs axonal regrowth. 
D) clearing away cellular debris. 
E) producing more satellite cells that fuse to form new axons. 
A) producing new axons. 
B) regenerating cell bodies for the neurons. 
C) forming a cellular cord that directs axonal regrowth. 
D) clearing away cellular debris. 
E) producing more satellite cells that fuse to form new axons.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the action potential is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The rapid depolarization phase is caused by the entry of potassium ions. 
B) During the repolarization phase,sodium channels close and potassium channels open. 
C) During the depolarization phase,membrane potential becomes positive. 
D) During the hyperpolarization phase,the ion pumps re-establish the sodium and potassium concentrations across the cell membrane. 
E) Repolarization occurs as potassium ions leave the axon. 
A) The rapid depolarization phase is caused by the entry of potassium ions. 
B) During the repolarization phase,sodium channels close and potassium channels open. 
C) During the depolarization phase,membrane potential becomes positive. 
D) During the hyperpolarization phase,the ion pumps re-establish the sodium and potassium concentrations across the cell membrane. 
E) Repolarization occurs as potassium ions leave the axon.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) sense the internal and external environments 
B) integrate sensory information 
C) coordinate voluntary and involuntary activities 
D) direct long-term functions,such as growth 
E) control peripheral effectors 
A) sense the internal and external environments 
B) integrate sensory information 
C) coordinate voluntary and involuntary activities 
D) direct long-term functions,such as growth 
E) control peripheral effectors

Question 20

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the

Accepted Answer

A) astrocytes. 
B) satellite cells. 
C) oligodendrocytes. 
D) microglia. 
E) ependymal cells. 
A) astrocytes. 
B) satellite cells. 
C) oligodendrocytes. 
D) microglia. 
E) ependymal cells.

Exam 12: Neural Tissue

Graded potentials

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -Which area of the graph shows when chemically gated sodium channels are open?

How would the absolute refractory period be affected if voltage-regulated sodium channels failed to inactivate?

The presence of ________ dramatically increases the speed at which an action potential moves along an axon.

Figure 12-1 The Neuron Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "5."

When a second EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential)arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared,what occurs?

Any stimulus that opens a ________ ion channel will produce a graded potential.

EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials)occur when

The same ________ can have different effects depending on the properties of the ________.

The site of intercellular communication between a neuron and another cell is the

________ monitor the position of skeletal muscles and joints

Most CNS neurons lack centrioles.This observation explains

________ neurons are short,with a cell body between dendrite and axon,and occur in special sense organs.

Compounds that alter the rate of neurotransmitter release by the presynaptic neuron or change the postsynaptic cell's response to neurotransmitters are called

Most neurons lack ________ and so are permanently blocked from undergoing cell division.

When cholinergic receptors are stimulated,

In the peripheral nervous system,Schwann cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves by

Which of the following statements about the action potential is false?

Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system?

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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The same can have different effects depending on the properties of the .