Question 1

Active neurons need ATP to support which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) the movement of materials to the soma by axoplasmic transport 
B) the synthesis of neurotransmitter molecules 
C) the movement of materials from the soma by axoplasmic transport 
D) the recovery from action potentials 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) the movement of materials to the soma by axoplasmic transport 
B) the synthesis of neurotransmitter molecules 
C) the movement of materials from the soma by axoplasmic transport 
D) the recovery from action potentials 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 2

Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization. 
B) repolarization. 
C) hyperpolarization. 
D) increased negative charge inside the membrane. 
E) inhibition. 
A) depolarization. 
B) repolarization. 
C) hyperpolarization. 
D) increased negative charge inside the membrane. 
E) inhibition.

Question 3

________ nerves are nerves that connect to the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A) Spinal 
B) Cranial 
C) Afferent 
D) Multipolar 
E) Autonomic 
A) Spinal 
B) Cranial 
C) Afferent 
D) Multipolar 
E) Autonomic

Question 4

________ neurons are small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons.

Accepted Answer

A) Multipolar 
B) Anaxonic 
C) Unipolar 
D) Bipolar 
E) Sensory 
A) Multipolar 
B) Anaxonic 
C) Unipolar 
D) Bipolar 
E) Sensory

Question 5

Presynaptic facilitation by serotonin is caused by

Accepted Answer

A) increased extracellular concentration of sodium ion. 
B) increased extracellular concentration of potassium ion. 
C) blockage of calcium channels in the presynaptic membrane. 
D) calcium channels in the presynaptic membrane remaining open longer. 
E) temporal summation. 
A) increased extracellular concentration of sodium ion. 
B) increased extracellular concentration of potassium ion. 
C) blockage of calcium channels in the presynaptic membrane. 
D) calcium channels in the presynaptic membrane remaining open longer. 
E) temporal summation.

Question 6

________ carry sensory information to the CNS.

Accepted Answer

A) Motor neurons 
B) Efferent neurons 
C) Multipolar neurons 
D) Afferent neurons 
E) Interneurons 
A) Motor neurons 
B) Efferent neurons 
C) Multipolar neurons 
D) Afferent neurons 
E) Interneurons

Question 7

A drug that blocks ATP production is introduced into an isolated axon preparation.The axon is then repeatedly stimulated,and recordings are made of the response.What effects would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

Initially,the recording would show norma

Question 8

The ________ division of the peripheral nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) somatic 
B) peripheral 
C) autonomic 
D) afferent 
E) parasympathetic 
A) somatic 
B) peripheral 
C) autonomic 
D) afferent 
E) parasympathetic

Question 9

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-Which point of the graph shows when potassium ion outflow exceeds sodium ion inflow?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 10

The ________ principle states that the size and speed of the action potential are independent of the stimulus strength.

Accepted Answer

A) threshold 
B) all-or-none 
C) summation 
D) polarization 
E) potential 
A) threshold 
B) all-or-none 
C) summation 
D) polarization 
E) potential

Question 11

Products from the soma of a neuron are transported to the synaptic terminals by ________ transport.

Accepted Answer

A) anterograde 
B) retrograde 
C) osmotic 
D) active 
E) passive 
A) anterograde 
B) retrograde 
C) osmotic 
D) active 
E) passive

Question 12

The most common neuron of the nervous system is the

Accepted Answer

A) interneuron. 
B) externoceptor. 
C) bipolar neuron. 
D) unipolar neuron. 
E) microglial cell. 
A) interneuron. 
B) externoceptor. 
C) bipolar neuron. 
D) unipolar neuron. 
E) microglial cell.

Question 13

Small,wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS are called

Accepted Answer

A) astrocytes. 
B) satellite cells. 
C) oligodendrocytes. 
D) microglia. 
E) ependymal cells. 
A) astrocytes. 
B) satellite cells. 
C) oligodendrocytes. 
D) microglia. 
E) ependymal cells.

Question 14

At the normal resting potential of a typical neuron,its sodium-potassium exchange pump transports

Accepted Answer

A) 1 intracellular sodium ion for 2 extracellular potassium ions. 
B) 2 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion. 
C) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion. 
D) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions. 
E) 3 extracellular sodium ions for 2 intracellular potassium ions. 
A) 1 intracellular sodium ion for 2 extracellular potassium ions. 
B) 2 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion. 
C) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion. 
D) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions. 
E) 3 extracellular sodium ions for 2 intracellular potassium ions.

Question 15

The myelination of central and peripheral axons occurs rapidly through the first few years of life.How can this developmental process explain the improved motor abilities of infants and toddlers?

Accepted Answer

Without full myelination,information abo

Question 16

Which of the following is true about threshold for an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A) It is more positive than the resting potential. 
B) Voltage-gated potassium channels begin to close. 
C) Voltage-gated potassium channels begin to open. 
D) The membrane begins to hyperpolarize. 
E) Threshold for a typical neuron is approximately -30 mV. 
A) It is more positive than the resting potential. 
B) Voltage-gated potassium channels begin to close. 
C) Voltage-gated potassium channels begin to open. 
D) The membrane begins to hyperpolarize. 
E) Threshold for a typical neuron is approximately -30 mV.

Question 17

The following are the steps involved in transmission at a cholinergic synapse.What is the correct sequence for these events?
1)Chemically-gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic membrane are activated.
2)Calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal.
3)Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acetylcholine.
4)An action potential depolarizes the synaptic terminal at the presynaptic membrane.
5)The pre-synaptic terminal reabsorbs choline.
6)Acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles by exocytosis.
7)Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
8)Calcium ions are removed from the cytoplasm of the pre- synaptic terminal.

Accepted Answer

A) 4,2,6,7,8,5,3,1 
B) 4,2,6,7,1,8,3,5 
C) 2,4,6,7,1,8,3,5 
D) 2,5,4,6,7,1,8,3 
E) 6,4,2,7,1,8,3,5 
A) 4,2,6,7,8,5,3,1 
B) 4,2,6,7,1,8,3,5 
C) 2,4,6,7,1,8,3,5 
D) 2,5,4,6,7,1,8,3 
E) 6,4,2,7,1,8,3,5

Question 18

The function of the astrocytes in the CNS includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) adjusting the composition of the interstitial fluid 
B) guiding neuron development 
C) maintaining the blood-brain barrier 
D) repairing damaged neural tissue 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) adjusting the composition of the interstitial fluid 
B) guiding neuron development 
C) maintaining the blood-brain barrier 
D) repairing damaged neural tissue 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 19

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-Which area of the graph occurs when there is a sudden rush of sodium ions into the neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 20

________ are the most numerous type of neuron in the CNS.

Accepted Answer

A) Sensory neurons 
B) Motor neurons 
C) Unipolar neurons 
D) Bipolar neurons 
E) Interneurons 
A) Sensory neurons 
B) Motor neurons 
C) Unipolar neurons 
D) Bipolar neurons 
E) Interneurons

Exam 12: Neural Tissue

Active neurons need ATP to support which of the following?

Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes

________ nerves are nerves that connect to the spinal cord.

________ neurons are small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons.

Presynaptic facilitation by serotonin is caused by

________ carry sensory information to the CNS.

A drug that blocks ATP production is introduced into an isolated axon preparation.The axon is then repeatedly stimulated,and recordings are made of the response.What effects would you expect to observe?

The ________ division of the peripheral nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system.

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -Which point of the graph shows when potassium ion outflow exceeds sodium ion inflow?

The ________ principle states that the size and speed of the action potential are independent of the stimulus strength.

Products from the soma of a neuron are transported to the synaptic terminals by ________ transport.

The most common neuron of the nervous system is the

Small,wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS are called

At the normal resting potential of a typical neuron,its sodium-potassium exchange pump transports

The myelination of central and peripheral axons occurs rapidly through the first few years of life.How can this developmental process explain the improved motor abilities of infants and toddlers?

Which of the following is true about threshold for an action potential?

The function of the astrocytes in the CNS includes which of the following?

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -Which area of the graph occurs when there is a sudden rush of sodium ions into the neuron?

________ are the most numerous type of neuron in the CNS.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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