Question 1

Good citizens are cooperative, self-reliant, responsible, and willing to act in the best interest oftheir community.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

How did Alfred Adler recommend one should respond in a heated conflict situation?

Accepted Answer

​He suggested acting instead of talking to avoid arguments and to resolve problems in a timelymanner.

Question 3

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.
-George Michael Gazda​

Accepted Answer

A) Parental guidance, teaching effectiveness, television, and other external influences 
B) Heredity, inborn traits, and inner motivation 
C) Studied the development of intelligence in children and proposed a theory based on four predetermined stages of mental growth 
D) Developed a bioecological model to explain expanding worries about school failure and behavioral, social, and emotional problems in children 
E) Empty slate
F)Special stickers or objects given to children for performing specified behaviors that are then exchanged at prearranged times for their choice activities or items from a menu of rewards
G)In behavior modification, this means to change specific behaviors in the child through external reinforcement of some kind.
H)Realized that play was the engine that naturally drove learning in young children; set about finding ways to guide children’s natural desire to play and to help them find additional meaning in their play
I)Affects a person’s perception of children, how they learn, what their intentions are, and why they behave as they do
J)Believed human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, striving for self-improvement and self-fulfillment, and contributing to the common welfare of the community
K)Process by which adults help children learn appropriate ways to function as part of a group
L)Took the abstract theories of Carl Rogers and developed a systematic set of guidelines for effective interpersonal skills
M)Identified what he called the “zone of proximal educational development”; believed that children develop by exposure to skills, words, concepts, and tasks that are a little beyond their ability but within a “zone” of possible achievement
N)Snug binding of infants in strips of cloth or blankets
O)Focus on meeting minimal needs for health and safety
P)Aimed at controlling children’s behaviors, often by the use of punishment
Q)Held the view that the hope for world peace lay in a new education for young children
R)Modified Carkhuff’s work further to create an effective system for solving classroom management problems and motivating children to change their inappropriate behaviors 
A) Parental guidance, teaching effectiveness, television, and other external influences 
B) Heredity, inborn traits, and inner motivation 
C) Studied the development of intelligence in children and proposed a theory based on four predetermined stages of mental growth 
D) Developed a bioecological model to explain expanding worries about school failure and behavioral, social, and emotional problems in children 
E) Empty slate
F)Special stickers or objects given to children for performing specified behaviors that are then exchanged at prearranged times for their choice activities or items from a menu of rewards
G)In behavior modification, this means to change specific behaviors in the child through external reinforcement of some kind.
H)Realized that play was the engine that naturally drove learning in young children; set about finding ways to guide children’s natural desire to play and to help them find additional meaning in their play
I)Affects a person’s perception of children, how they learn, what their intentions are, and why they behave as they do
J)Believed human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, striving for self-improvement and self-fulfillment, and contributing to the common welfare of the community
K)Process by which adults help children learn appropriate ways to function as part of a group
L)Took the abstract theories of Carl Rogers and developed a systematic set of guidelines for effective interpersonal skills
M)Identified what he called the “zone of proximal educational development”; believed that children develop by exposure to skills, words, concepts, and tasks that are a little beyond their ability but within a “zone” of possible achievement
N)Snug binding of infants in strips of cloth or blankets
O)Focus on meeting minimal needs for health and safety
P)Aimed at controlling children’s behaviors, often by the use of punishment
Q)Held the view that the hope for world peace lay in a new education for young children
R)Modified Carkhuff’s work further to create an effective system for solving classroom management problems and motivating children to change their inappropriate behaviors R

Question 4

Alfred Adler's guidelines include which of the following principles?​

Accepted Answer

A) Acting instead of talking in heated conflict situations 
B) Doing things for children that they can do for themselves 
C) Providing rewards to motivate desired behaviors 
D) Withdrawing emotionally from an out-of-control child 
E) All of these 
A) Acting instead of talking in heated conflict situations 
B) Doing things for children that they can do for themselves 
C) Providing rewards to motivate desired behaviors 
D) Withdrawing emotionally from an out-of-control child 
E) All of these

Question 5

Urie Bronfenbrenner co-developed an important program called _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Urie Bronfenbrenner co-developed an important program called...

Question 6

The maturationists are​

Accepted Answer

A) those holding the view that internal predisposition, physiological characteristics, orinherited traits account for the essential psychological makeup of a human being. 
B) those holding the view that the environment is the primary determinant of humanbehavior and that objectively observable behavior constitutes the essential psychologicalmakeup of a human being. 
C) those holding the Piagetian view that a human being's essential psychological makeupderives from a dynamic interactive process based on both innate cognitive structures andexternal experiences. 
D) none of these. 
A) those holding the view that internal predisposition, physiological characteristics, orinherited traits account for the essential psychological makeup of a human being. 
B) those holding the view that the environment is the primary determinant of humanbehavior and that objectively observable behavior constitutes the essential psychologicalmakeup of a human being. 
C) those holding the Piagetian view that a human being's essential psychological makeupderives from a dynamic interactive process based on both innate cognitive structures andexternal experiences. 
D) none of these.

Question 7

How does a person's philosophy affect child guidance?

Accepted Answer

A person's philosophy affects his or her

Question 8

Cognitive stimulation is not important to mental development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.
-Child guidance​

Accepted Answer

A) Parental guidance, teaching effectiveness, television, and other external influences 
B) Heredity, inborn traits, and inner motivation 
C) Studied the development of intelligence in children and proposed a theory based on four predetermined stages of mental growth 
D) Developed a bioecological model to explain expanding worries about school failure and behavioral, social, and emotional problems in children 
E) Empty slate
F)Special stickers or objects given to children for performing specified behaviors that are then exchanged at prearranged times for their choice activities or items from a menu of rewards
G)In behavior modification, this means to change specific behaviors in the child through external reinforcement of some kind.
H)Realized that play was the engine that naturally drove learning in young children; set about finding ways to guide children’s natural desire to play and to help them find additional meaning in their play
I)Affects a person’s perception of children, how they learn, what their intentions are, and why they behave as they do
J)Believed human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, striving for self-improvement and self-fulfillment, and contributing to the common welfare of the community
K)Process by which adults help children learn appropriate ways to function as part of a group
L)Took the abstract theories of Carl Rogers and developed a systematic set of guidelines for effective interpersonal skills
M)Identified what he called the “zone of proximal educational development”; believed that children develop by exposure to skills, words, concepts, and tasks that are a little beyond their ability but within a “zone” of possible achievement
N)Snug binding of infants in strips of cloth or blankets
O)Focus on meeting minimal needs for health and safety
P)Aimed at controlling children’s behaviors, often by the use of punishment
Q)Held the view that the hope for world peace lay in a new education for young children
R)Modified Carkhuff’s work further to create an effective system for solving classroom management problems and motivating children to change their inappropriate behaviors 
A) Parental guidance, teaching effectiveness, television, and other external influences 
B) Heredity, inborn traits, and inner motivation 
C) Studied the development of intelligence in children and proposed a theory based on four predetermined stages of mental growth 
D) Developed a bioecological model to explain expanding worries about school failure and behavioral, social, and emotional problems in children 
E) Empty slate
F)Special stickers or objects given to children for performing specified behaviors that are then exchanged at prearranged times for their choice activities or items from a menu of rewards
G)In behavior modification, this means to change specific behaviors in the child through external reinforcement of some kind.
H)Realized that play was the engine that naturally drove learning in young children; set about finding ways to guide children’s natural desire to play and to help them find additional meaning in their play
I)Affects a person’s perception of children, how they learn, what their intentions are, and why they behave as they do
J)Believed human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, striving for self-improvement and self-fulfillment, and contributing to the common welfare of the community
K)Process by which adults help children learn appropriate ways to function as part of a group
L)Took the abstract theories of Carl Rogers and developed a systematic set of guidelines for effective interpersonal skills
M)Identified what he called the “zone of proximal educational development”; believed that children develop by exposure to skills, words, concepts, and tasks that are a little beyond their ability but within a “zone” of possible achievement
N)Snug binding of infants in strips of cloth or blankets
O)Focus on meeting minimal needs for health and safety
P)Aimed at controlling children’s behaviors, often by the use of punishment
Q)Held the view that the hope for world peace lay in a new education for young children
R)Modified Carkhuff’s work further to create an effective system for solving classroom management problems and motivating children to change their inappropriate behaviors

Question 10

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
-Appropriate work habits​

Accepted Answer

A) Jean Piaget’s theory that children’s mental development proceeds in distinct stages that are qualitatively different from the thinking of adults; like John Dewey and Maria Montessori, Piaget believed early learning experiences had tremendous impact on children’s long-term cognitive development. 
B) Being a self-starter, a lifelong learner, and a creative problem-solver 
C) He had a world-famous school that was based on learning as a part of daily life, and was specifically designed to foster the characteristics that are essential for living in a democracy. 
D) Control by a single person having unlimited power 
E) Those holding the view that the environment is the primary determinant of human behavior and that objectively observable behavior constitutes the essential psychological makeup of a human being
F)His theory of personality was based on the humane and ethical treatment of persons. He argued that to reach their full potential, human beings must have positive regard from others that eventually leads to the development of positive self-regard. Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda refined his theories into practical, hands-on techniques beneficial to therapists and educators.
G)Being cooperative, having a sense of fair play, and respecting the rights of others
H)Having established habits of accomplishing tasks, taking pride in the accomplishments, and accepting responsibility for the results
I)Causes a wasting away of the child’s body. This condition can result from prolonged absence of emotional nurturance as well as from malnutrition, and affected infants typically show delays in motor and intellectual development.
J)Absence of any form of control; chaos and disorder
K)Tabula rasa
L)Another term for developmental interactionists, who believe that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based on their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses, and makes decisions, relying on a cognitive structure to do so.
M)Area of potential learning identified by Lev Vygotsky; he believed that adults played an important role.
N)Scientists who study the behavior of living creatures under normal conditions
O)Those holding the view that internal predisposition, physiological characteristics, or inherited traits account for the essential psychological makeup of a human being
P)The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community
Q)Alfred Adler’s analysis of behavior holding that human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, and striving for self-improvement, self-fulfillment, and to contribute to the common welfare of the community
R)Willingness to put aside one’s immediate interests for the good of the team 
A) Jean Piaget’s theory that children’s mental development proceeds in distinct stages that are qualitatively different from the thinking of adults; like John Dewey and Maria Montessori, Piaget believed early learning experiences had tremendous impact on children’s long-term cognitive development. 
B) Being a self-starter, a lifelong learner, and a creative problem-solver 
C) He had a world-famous school that was based on learning as a part of daily life, and was specifically designed to foster the characteristics that are essential for living in a democracy. 
D) Control by a single person having unlimited power 
E) Those holding the view that the environment is the primary determinant of human behavior and that objectively observable behavior constitutes the essential psychological makeup of a human being
F)His theory of personality was based on the humane and ethical treatment of persons. He argued that to reach their full potential, human beings must have positive regard from others that eventually leads to the development of positive self-regard. Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda refined his theories into practical, hands-on techniques beneficial to therapists and educators.
G)Being cooperative, having a sense of fair play, and respecting the rights of others
H)Having established habits of accomplishing tasks, taking pride in the accomplishments, and accepting responsibility for the results
I)Causes a wasting away of the child’s body. This condition can result from prolonged absence of emotional nurturance as well as from malnutrition, and affected infants typically show delays in motor and intellectual development.
J)Absence of any form of control; chaos and disorder
K)Tabula rasa
L)Another term for developmental interactionists, who believe that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based on their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses, and makes decisions, relying on a cognitive structure to do so.
M)Area of potential learning identified by Lev Vygotsky; he believed that adults played an important role.
N)Scientists who study the behavior of living creatures under normal conditions
O)Those holding the view that internal predisposition, physiological characteristics, or inherited traits account for the essential psychological makeup of a human being
P)The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community
Q)Alfred Adler’s analysis of behavior holding that human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, and striving for self-improvement, self-fulfillment, and to contribute to the common welfare of the community
R)Willingness to put aside one’s immediate interests for the good of the team

Question 11

Contemporary educators identify three philosophical perspectives: that of the____________________, the maturationists, and the constructivists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contemporary educators identify three philosophical perspectives: that...

Question 12

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.
-Jean Piaget​

Accepted Answer

A) Parental guidance, teaching effectiveness, television, and other external influences 
B) Heredity, inborn traits, and inner motivation 
C) Studied the development of intelligence in children and proposed a theory based on four predetermined stages of mental growth 
D) Developed a bioecological model to explain expanding worries about school failure and behavioral, social, and emotional problems in children 
E) Empty slate
F)Special stickers or objects given to children for performing specified behaviors that are then exchanged at prearranged times for their choice activities or items from a menu of rewards
G)In behavior modification, this means to change specific behaviors in the child through external reinforcement of some kind.
H)Realized that play was the engine that naturally drove learning in young children; set about finding ways to guide children’s natural desire to play and to help them find additional meaning in their play
I)Affects a person’s perception of children, how they learn, what their intentions are, and why they behave as they do
J)Believed human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, striving for self-improvement and self-fulfillment, and contributing to the common welfare of the community
K)Process by which adults help children learn appropriate ways to function as part of a group
L)Took the abstract theories of Carl Rogers and developed a systematic set of guidelines for effective interpersonal skills
M)Identified what he called the “zone of proximal educational development”; believed that children develop by exposure to skills, words, concepts, and tasks that are a little beyond their ability but within a “zone” of possible achievement
N)Snug binding of infants in strips of cloth or blankets
O)Focus on meeting minimal needs for health and safety
P)Aimed at controlling children’s behaviors, often by the use of punishment
Q)Held the view that the hope for world peace lay in a new education for young children
R)Modified Carkhuff’s work further to create an effective system for solving classroom management problems and motivating children to change their inappropriate behaviors 
A) Parental guidance, teaching effectiveness, television, and other external influences 
B) Heredity, inborn traits, and inner motivation 
C) Studied the development of intelligence in children and proposed a theory based on four predetermined stages of mental growth 
D) Developed a bioecological model to explain expanding worries about school failure and behavioral, social, and emotional problems in children 
E) Empty slate
F)Special stickers or objects given to children for performing specified behaviors that are then exchanged at prearranged times for their choice activities or items from a menu of rewards
G)In behavior modification, this means to change specific behaviors in the child through external reinforcement of some kind.
H)Realized that play was the engine that naturally drove learning in young children; set about finding ways to guide children’s natural desire to play and to help them find additional meaning in their play
I)Affects a person’s perception of children, how they learn, what their intentions are, and why they behave as they do
J)Believed human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, striving for self-improvement and self-fulfillment, and contributing to the common welfare of the community
K)Process by which adults help children learn appropriate ways to function as part of a group
L)Took the abstract theories of Carl Rogers and developed a systematic set of guidelines for effective interpersonal skills
M)Identified what he called the “zone of proximal educational development”; believed that children develop by exposure to skills, words, concepts, and tasks that are a little beyond their ability but within a “zone” of possible achievement
N)Snug binding of infants in strips of cloth or blankets
O)Focus on meeting minimal needs for health and safety
P)Aimed at controlling children’s behaviors, often by the use of punishment
Q)Held the view that the hope for world peace lay in a new education for young children
R)Modified Carkhuff’s work further to create an effective system for solving classroom management problems and motivating children to change their inappropriate behaviors

Question 13

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.
-Tabula rasa​

Accepted Answer

A) Parental guidance, teaching effectiveness, television, and other external influences 
B) Heredity, inborn traits, and inner motivation 
C) Studied the development of intelligence in children and proposed a theory based on four predetermined stages of mental growth 
D) Developed a bioecological model to explain expanding worries about school failure and behavioral, social, and emotional problems in children 
E) Empty slate
F)Special stickers or objects given to children for performing specified behaviors that are then exchanged at prearranged times for their choice activities or items from a menu of rewards
G)In behavior modification, this means to change specific behaviors in the child through external reinforcement of some kind.
H)Realized that play was the engine that naturally drove learning in young children; set about finding ways to guide children’s natural desire to play and to help them find additional meaning in their play
I)Affects a person’s perception of children, how they learn, what their intentions are, and why they behave as they do
J)Believed human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, striving for self-improvement and self-fulfillment, and contributing to the common welfare of the community
K)Process by which adults help children learn appropriate ways to function as part of a group
L)Took the abstract theories of Carl Rogers and developed a systematic set of guidelines for effective interpersonal skills
M)Identified what he called the “zone of proximal educational development”; believed that children develop by exposure to skills, words, concepts, and tasks that are a little beyond their ability but within a “zone” of possible achievement
N)Snug binding of infants in strips of cloth or blankets
O)Focus on meeting minimal needs for health and safety
P)Aimed at controlling children’s behaviors, often by the use of punishment
Q)Held the view that the hope for world peace lay in a new education for young children
R)Modified Carkhuff’s work further to create an effective system for solving classroom management problems and motivating children to change their inappropriate behaviors 
A) Parental guidance, teaching effectiveness, television, and other external influences 
B) Heredity, inborn traits, and inner motivation 
C) Studied the development of intelligence in children and proposed a theory based on four predetermined stages of mental growth 
D) Developed a bioecological model to explain expanding worries about school failure and behavioral, social, and emotional problems in children 
E) Empty slate
F)Special stickers or objects given to children for performing specified behaviors that are then exchanged at prearranged times for their choice activities or items from a menu of rewards
G)In behavior modification, this means to change specific behaviors in the child through external reinforcement of some kind.
H)Realized that play was the engine that naturally drove learning in young children; set about finding ways to guide children’s natural desire to play and to help them find additional meaning in their play
I)Affects a person’s perception of children, how they learn, what their intentions are, and why they behave as they do
J)Believed human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, striving for self-improvement and self-fulfillment, and contributing to the common welfare of the community
K)Process by which adults help children learn appropriate ways to function as part of a group
L)Took the abstract theories of Carl Rogers and developed a systematic set of guidelines for effective interpersonal skills
M)Identified what he called the “zone of proximal educational development”; believed that children develop by exposure to skills, words, concepts, and tasks that are a little beyond their ability but within a “zone” of possible achievement
N)Snug binding of infants in strips of cloth or blankets
O)Focus on meeting minimal needs for health and safety
P)Aimed at controlling children’s behaviors, often by the use of punishment
Q)Held the view that the hope for world peace lay in a new education for young children
R)Modified Carkhuff’s work further to create an effective system for solving classroom management problems and motivating children to change their inappropriate behaviors

Question 14

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
-Anarchy​

Accepted Answer

A) Jean Piaget’s theory that children’s mental development proceeds in distinct stages that are qualitatively different from the thinking of adults; like John Dewey and Maria Montessori, Piaget believed early learning experiences had tremendous impact on children’s long-term cognitive development. 
B) Being a self-starter, a lifelong learner, and a creative problem-solver 
C) He had a world-famous school that was based on learning as a part of daily life, and was specifically designed to foster the characteristics that are essential for living in a democracy. 
D) Control by a single person having unlimited power 
E) Those holding the view that the environment is the primary determinant of human behavior and that objectively observable behavior constitutes the essential psychological makeup of a human being
F)His theory of personality was based on the humane and ethical treatment of persons. He argued that to reach their full potential, human beings must have positive regard from others that eventually leads to the development of positive self-regard. Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda refined his theories into practical, hands-on techniques beneficial to therapists and educators.
G)Being cooperative, having a sense of fair play, and respecting the rights of others
H)Having established habits of accomplishing tasks, taking pride in the accomplishments, and accepting responsibility for the results
I)Causes a wasting away of the child’s body. This condition can result from prolonged absence of emotional nurturance as well as from malnutrition, and affected infants typically show delays in motor and intellectual development.
J)Absence of any form of control; chaos and disorder
K)Tabula rasa
L)Another term for developmental interactionists, who believe that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based on their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses, and makes decisions, relying on a cognitive structure to do so.
M)Area of potential learning identified by Lev Vygotsky; he believed that adults played an important role.
N)Scientists who study the behavior of living creatures under normal conditions
O)Those holding the view that internal predisposition, physiological characteristics, or inherited traits account for the essential psychological makeup of a human being
P)The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community
Q)Alfred Adler’s analysis of behavior holding that human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, and striving for self-improvement, self-fulfillment, and to contribute to the common welfare of the community
R)Willingness to put aside one’s immediate interests for the good of the team 
A) Jean Piaget’s theory that children’s mental development proceeds in distinct stages that are qualitatively different from the thinking of adults; like John Dewey and Maria Montessori, Piaget believed early learning experiences had tremendous impact on children’s long-term cognitive development. 
B) Being a self-starter, a lifelong learner, and a creative problem-solver 
C) He had a world-famous school that was based on learning as a part of daily life, and was specifically designed to foster the characteristics that are essential for living in a democracy. 
D) Control by a single person having unlimited power 
E) Those holding the view that the environment is the primary determinant of human behavior and that objectively observable behavior constitutes the essential psychological makeup of a human being
F)His theory of personality was based on the humane and ethical treatment of persons. He argued that to reach their full potential, human beings must have positive regard from others that eventually leads to the development of positive self-regard. Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda refined his theories into practical, hands-on techniques beneficial to therapists and educators.
G)Being cooperative, having a sense of fair play, and respecting the rights of others
H)Having established habits of accomplishing tasks, taking pride in the accomplishments, and accepting responsibility for the results
I)Causes a wasting away of the child’s body. This condition can result from prolonged absence of emotional nurturance as well as from malnutrition, and affected infants typically show delays in motor and intellectual development.
J)Absence of any form of control; chaos and disorder
K)Tabula rasa
L)Another term for developmental interactionists, who believe that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based on their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses, and makes decisions, relying on a cognitive structure to do so.
M)Area of potential learning identified by Lev Vygotsky; he believed that adults played an important role.
N)Scientists who study the behavior of living creatures under normal conditions
O)Those holding the view that internal predisposition, physiological characteristics, or inherited traits account for the essential psychological makeup of a human being
P)The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community
Q)Alfred Adler’s analysis of behavior holding that human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, and striving for self-improvement, self-fulfillment, and to contribute to the common welfare of the community
R)Willingness to put aside one’s immediate interests for the good of the team

Question 15

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
-Maturationists​

Accepted Answer

A) Jean Piaget’s theory that children’s mental development proceeds in distinct stages that are qualitatively different from the thinking of adults; like John Dewey and Maria Montessori, Piaget believed early learning experiences had tremendous impact on children’s long-term cognitive development. 
B) Being a self-starter, a lifelong learner, and a creative problem-solver 
C) He had a world-famous school that was based on learning as a part of daily life, and was specifically designed to foster the characteristics that are essential for living in a democracy. 
D) Control by a single person having unlimited power 
E) Those holding the view that the environment is the primary determinant of human behavior and that objectively observable behavior constitutes the essential psychological makeup of a human being
F)His theory of personality was based on the humane and ethical treatment of persons. He argued that to reach their full potential, human beings must have positive regard from others that eventually leads to the development of positive self-regard. Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda refined his theories into practical, hands-on techniques beneficial to therapists and educators.
G)Being cooperative, having a sense of fair play, and respecting the rights of others
H)Having established habits of accomplishing tasks, taking pride in the accomplishments, and accepting responsibility for the results
I)Causes a wasting away of the child’s body. This condition can result from prolonged absence of emotional nurturance as well as from malnutrition, and affected infants typically show delays in motor and intellectual development.
J)Absence of any form of control; chaos and disorder
K)Tabula rasa
L)Another term for developmental interactionists, who believe that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based on their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses, and makes decisions, relying on a cognitive structure to do so.
M)Area of potential learning identified by Lev Vygotsky; he believed that adults played an important role.
N)Scientists who study the behavior of living creatures under normal conditions
O)Those holding the view that internal predisposition, physiological characteristics, or inherited traits account for the essential psychological makeup of a human being
P)The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community
Q)Alfred Adler’s analysis of behavior holding that human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, and striving for self-improvement, self-fulfillment, and to contribute to the common welfare of the community
R)Willingness to put aside one’s immediate interests for the good of the team 
A) Jean Piaget’s theory that children’s mental development proceeds in distinct stages that are qualitatively different from the thinking of adults; like John Dewey and Maria Montessori, Piaget believed early learning experiences had tremendous impact on children’s long-term cognitive development. 
B) Being a self-starter, a lifelong learner, and a creative problem-solver 
C) He had a world-famous school that was based on learning as a part of daily life, and was specifically designed to foster the characteristics that are essential for living in a democracy. 
D) Control by a single person having unlimited power 
E) Those holding the view that the environment is the primary determinant of human behavior and that objectively observable behavior constitutes the essential psychological makeup of a human being
F)His theory of personality was based on the humane and ethical treatment of persons. He argued that to reach their full potential, human beings must have positive regard from others that eventually leads to the development of positive self-regard. Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda refined his theories into practical, hands-on techniques beneficial to therapists and educators.
G)Being cooperative, having a sense of fair play, and respecting the rights of others
H)Having established habits of accomplishing tasks, taking pride in the accomplishments, and accepting responsibility for the results
I)Causes a wasting away of the child’s body. This condition can result from prolonged absence of emotional nurturance as well as from malnutrition, and affected infants typically show delays in motor and intellectual development.
J)Absence of any form of control; chaos and disorder
K)Tabula rasa
L)Another term for developmental interactionists, who believe that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based on their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses, and makes decisions, relying on a cognitive structure to do so.
M)Area of potential learning identified by Lev Vygotsky; he believed that adults played an important role.
N)Scientists who study the behavior of living creatures under normal conditions
O)Those holding the view that internal predisposition, physiological characteristics, or inherited traits account for the essential psychological makeup of a human being
P)The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community
Q)Alfred Adler’s analysis of behavior holding that human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, and striving for self-improvement, self-fulfillment, and to contribute to the common welfare of the community
R)Willingness to put aside one’s immediate interests for the good of the team

Question 16

Today, our guidance methods must teach children to think, not just to ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Today, our guidance methods must teach children...

Question 17

Maturationists believe that behavior and learning hinge on ____________________ processessuch as maturation and motivation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maturationists believe that behavior and learning hinge...

Question 18

The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community areessential to​

Accepted Answer

A) absence of any form of control, chaos, and disorder. 
B) autocracy. 
C) control by a single person having unlimited power. 
D) democracy. 
E) anarchy. 
A) absence of any form of control, chaos, and disorder. 
B) autocracy. 
C) control by a single person having unlimited power. 
D) democracy. 
E) anarchy.

Question 19

Jean Piaget argued that​

Accepted Answer

A) children are "empty vessels" just waiting to be filled with knowledge. 
B) adults should direct children's play to achieve optimal learning. 
C) children construct their own learning through their interactions with the environment. 
D) all of these. 
A) children are "empty vessels" just waiting to be filled with knowledge. 
B) adults should direct children's play to achieve optimal learning. 
C) children construct their own learning through their interactions with the environment. 
D) all of these.

Question 20

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.
-Urie Bronfenbrenner​

Accepted Answer

A) Parental guidance, teaching effectiveness, television, and other external influences 
B) Heredity, inborn traits, and inner motivation 
C) Studied the development of intelligence in children and proposed a theory based on four predetermined stages of mental growth 
D) Developed a bioecological model to explain expanding worries about school failure and behavioral, social, and emotional problems in children 
E) Empty slate
F)Special stickers or objects given to children for performing specified behaviors that are then exchanged at prearranged times for their choice activities or items from a menu of rewards
G)In behavior modification, this means to change specific behaviors in the child through external reinforcement of some kind.
H)Realized that play was the engine that naturally drove learning in young children; set about finding ways to guide children’s natural desire to play and to help them find additional meaning in their play
I)Affects a person’s perception of children, how they learn, what their intentions are, and why they behave as they do
J)Believed human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, striving for self-improvement and self-fulfillment, and contributing to the common welfare of the community
K)Process by which adults help children learn appropriate ways to function as part of a group
L)Took the abstract theories of Carl Rogers and developed a systematic set of guidelines for effective interpersonal skills
M)Identified what he called the “zone of proximal educational development”; believed that children develop by exposure to skills, words, concepts, and tasks that are a little beyond their ability but within a “zone” of possible achievement
N)Snug binding of infants in strips of cloth or blankets
O)Focus on meeting minimal needs for health and safety
P)Aimed at controlling children’s behaviors, often by the use of punishment
Q)Held the view that the hope for world peace lay in a new education for young children
R)Modified Carkhuff’s work further to create an effective system for solving classroom management problems and motivating children to change their inappropriate behaviors 
A) Parental guidance, teaching effectiveness, television, and other external influences 
B) Heredity, inborn traits, and inner motivation 
C) Studied the development of intelligence in children and proposed a theory based on four predetermined stages of mental growth 
D) Developed a bioecological model to explain expanding worries about school failure and behavioral, social, and emotional problems in children 
E) Empty slate
F)Special stickers or objects given to children for performing specified behaviors that are then exchanged at prearranged times for their choice activities or items from a menu of rewards
G)In behavior modification, this means to change specific behaviors in the child through external reinforcement of some kind.
H)Realized that play was the engine that naturally drove learning in young children; set about finding ways to guide children’s natural desire to play and to help them find additional meaning in their play
I)Affects a person’s perception of children, how they learn, what their intentions are, and why they behave as they do
J)Believed human beings were capable of working cooperatively, living together peacefully, striving for self-improvement and self-fulfillment, and contributing to the common welfare of the community
K)Process by which adults help children learn appropriate ways to function as part of a group
L)Took the abstract theories of Carl Rogers and developed a systematic set of guidelines for effective interpersonal skills
M)Identified what he called the “zone of proximal educational development”; believed that children develop by exposure to skills, words, concepts, and tasks that are a little beyond their ability but within a “zone” of possible achievement
N)Snug binding of infants in strips of cloth or blankets
O)Focus on meeting minimal needs for health and safety
P)Aimed at controlling children’s behaviors, often by the use of punishment
Q)Held the view that the hope for world peace lay in a new education for young children
R)Modified Carkhuff’s work further to create an effective system for solving classroom management problems and motivating children to change their inappropriate behaviors

Good citizens are cooperative, self-reliant, responsible, and willing to act in the best interest oftheir community.

How did Alfred Adler recommend one should respond in a heated conflict situation?

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -George Michael Gazda

Alfred Adler's guidelines include which of the following principles?

Urie Bronfenbrenner co-developed an important program called _____________.

The maturationists are

How does a person's philosophy affect child guidance?

Cognitive stimulation is not important to mental development.

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Child guidance

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Appropriate work habits

Contemporary educators identify three philosophical perspectives: that of the____________________, the maturationists, and the constructivists.

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Jean Piaget

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Tabula rasa

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Anarchy

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Maturationists

Today, our guidance methods must teach children to think, not just to ____________________.

Maturationists believe that behavior and learning hinge on ____________________ processessuch as maturation and motivation.

The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community areessential to

Jean Piaget argued that

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Urie Bronfenbrenner

Why Guidance Matters

Understanding Childrens Behavior

How to Observe Children

Serving Culturally Diverse Children and Families

Understanding Children With Ability Differences

Designing Developmentally Appropriate Environments Inside and Out

Building Relationships Through Positive Communication

Fundamental Causes of Positive and Negative Behavior

Effective Guidance Interventions

Mistaken Goals, Motivation, and Mindfulness

Filters

Exam 2: Historical Perspectives and Guidance Theories

Good citizens are cooperative, self-reliant, responsible, and willing to act in the best interest oftheir community.

How did Alfred Adler recommend one should respond in a heated conflict situation?

​Match each definition to the corresponding term. -George Michael Gazda​

Alfred Adler's guidelines include which of the following principles?​

Urie Bronfenbrenner co-developed an important program called _____________.

The maturationists are​

How does a person's philosophy affect child guidance?

Cognitive stimulation is not important to mental development.

​Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Child guidance​

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.​ -Appropriate work habits​

Contemporary educators identify three philosophical perspectives: that of the____________________, the maturationists, and the constructivists.

​Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Jean Piaget​

​Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Tabula rasa​

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.​ -Anarchy​

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.​ -Maturationists​

Today, our guidance methods must teach children to think, not just to ____________________.

Maturationists believe that behavior and learning hinge on ____________________ processessuch as maturation and motivation.

The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community areessential to​

Jean Piaget argued that​

​Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Urie Bronfenbrenner​

Why Guidance Matters

Understanding Childrens Behavior

How to Observe Children

Serving Culturally Diverse Children and Families

Understanding Children With Ability Differences

Designing Developmentally Appropriate Environments Inside and Out

Building Relationships Through Positive Communication

Fundamental Causes of Positive and Negative Behavior

Effective Guidance Interventions

Mistaken Goals, Motivation, and Mindfulness

Filters

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -George Michael Gazda

Alfred Adler's guidelines include which of the following principles?

The maturationists are

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Child guidance

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Appropriate work habits

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Jean Piaget

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Tabula rasa

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Anarchy

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Maturationists

The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community areessential to

Jean Piaget argued that

Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Urie Bronfenbrenner