Question 1

What are potential drawbacks to group brainstorming? What strategies could be used to address these issues?

Accepted Answer

Potential drawbacks to group brainstorming include:

1. Groupthink: In a group setting, there is a risk of group members conforming to the majority opinion rather than critically evaluating ideas.

2. Dominant personalities: Some individuals may dominate the discussion, making it difficult for quieter members to contribute their ideas.

3. Lack of focus: Without clear guidelines, group brainstorming sessions can easily veer off track and become unproductive.

4. Time constraints: Group brainstorming can be time-consuming, especially if there are many ideas to consider.

To address these issues, the following strategies could be used:

1. Encourage diversity of thought: Assign a facilitator to ensure that all ideas are considered and that diverse perspectives are valued.

2. Use anonymous brainstorming: This can help minimize the impact of dominant personalities and encourage quieter members to participate.

3. Set clear objectives and guidelines: Provide a structure for the brainstorming session to keep it focused and productive.

4. Set time limits for each idea: This can help prevent the session from dragging on and ensure that all ideas are given equal consideration.

Overall, by implementing these strategies, group brainstorming can be a valuable tool for generating innovative ideas and solutions.

Question 2

The radiation problem can be solved using

Accepted Answer

A)  representation and restructuring. 
B)  means-end analysis. 
C)  warmth judgments. 
D)  mental set. 
A)  representation and restructuring. 
B)  means-end analysis. 
C)  warmth judgments. 
D)  mental set. A

Question 3

Insight refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  prior learning facilitating problem solving. 
B)  prior learning hindering problem solving. 
C)  the tendency to respond in a certain manner, based on past experience. 
D)  the sudden realization of a problem's solution. 
A)  prior learning facilitating problem solving. 
B)  prior learning hindering problem solving. 
C)  the tendency to respond in a certain manner, based on past experience. 
D)  the sudden realization of a problem's solution. D

Question 4

Research conducted by Chi and Snyder demonstrated that the Gestalt-style perceptual grouping of items occurs in which region of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parietal lobe 
B)  Prefrontal cortex 
C)  Temporal lobe 
D)  Cingulate gyrus 
A)  Parietal lobe 
B)  Prefrontal cortex 
C)  Temporal lobe 
D)  Cingulate gyrus

Question 5

Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is difficult 
B)  Involves obstacles between one's current state and a desired goal 
C)  Has one correct answer 
D)  The solution is not obvious 
A)  Is difficult 
B)  Involves obstacles between one's current state and a desired goal 
C)  Has one correct answer 
D)  The solution is not obvious

Question 6

In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) _________________ state.

Accepted Answer

A)  functional fixedness 
B)  goal 
C)  intermediate 
D)  initial 
A)  functional fixedness 
B)  goal 
C)  intermediate 
D)  initial

Question 7

The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that _________________ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogies 
B)  insight 
C)  flexibility 
D)  subgoals 
A)  analogies 
B)  insight 
C)  flexibility 
D)  subgoals

Question 8

________ occurs when a person gives up trying to solve a tough problem and then suddenly comes up with the answer while doing something else.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mindfulness 
B)  Insight 
C)  Incubation 
D)  Daydreaming 
A)  Mindfulness 
B)  Insight 
C)  Incubation 
D)  Daydreaming

Question 9

Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Discriminability 
B)  Perseveration 
C)  Divergent thinking 
D)  Functional fixedness 
A)  Discriminability 
B)  Perseveration 
C)  Divergent thinking 
D)  Functional fixedness

Question 10

Which of the following correctly pairs a problem-solving stage with a process under Basadur's model?

Accepted Answer

A)  Problem Formulation: Fact Finding 
B)  Solution Implementation: Idea Finding 
C)  Problem Generation: Evaluation and Selection 
D)  Problem Solving: Planning 
A)  Problem Formulation: Fact Finding 
B)  Solution Implementation: Idea Finding 
C)  Problem Generation: Evaluation and Selection 
D)  Problem Solving: Planning

Question 11

Experts _________________ than novices.

Accepted Answer

A)  spend less time analyzing problems 
B)  are better at reasoning in general 
C)  are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problems 
D)  take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem 
A)  spend less time analyzing problems 
B)  are better at reasoning in general 
C)  are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problems 
D)  take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem

Question 12

Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they

Accepted Answer

A)  made the objects themselves. 
B)  had received training in creative thinking. 
C)  had been preselected as "creative" individuals. 
D)  were told they were expected to be creative. 
A)  made the objects themselves. 
B)  had received training in creative thinking. 
C)  had been preselected as "creative" individuals. 
D)  were told they were expected to be creative.

Question 13

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tower of Hanoi problem 
B)  Two-string problem 
C)  Mutilated checkerboard problem 
D)  The radiation problem 
A)  Tower of Hanoi problem 
B)  Two-string problem 
C)  Mutilated checkerboard problem 
D)  The radiation problem

Question 14

The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  initial state. 
B)  operators. 
C)  goal state. 
D)  intermediate states. 
A)  initial state. 
B)  operators. 
C)  goal state. 
D)  intermediate states.

Question 15

Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection 
B)  Mapping corresponding parts between the problems because the elements are difficult to identify 
C)  Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution because of the difficulty in generalizing from one problem to another 
D)  Solving the problem through reorganization because past experience can make it more difficult to reorganize a problem 
A)  Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection 
B)  Mapping corresponding parts between the problems because the elements are difficult to identify 
C)  Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution because of the difficulty in generalizing from one problem to another 
D)  Solving the problem through reorganization because past experience can make it more difficult to reorganize a problem

Question 16

When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumor 
B)  Developing schemas for each individual problem 
C)  Connecting the fortress with the tumor 
D)  Generalizing from groups of soldiers to using many rays to solve the problem 
A)  Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumor 
B)  Developing schemas for each individual problem 
C)  Connecting the fortress with the tumor 
D)  Generalizing from groups of soldiers to using many rays to solve the problem

Question 17

Which of the following is the core concept underlying the Gestalt perspective on problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Analogy 
B)  Search 
C)  Insight 
D)  Representation 
A)  Analogy 
B)  Search 
C)  Insight 
D)  Representation

Question 18

Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. Once they created an object, they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. Finke used the term preinventive forms to describe the

Accepted Answer

A)  object parts. 
B)  novel objects before a function was described. 
C)  practical objects within the category. 
D)  inventions rated high in both practicality and originality. 
A)  object parts. 
B)  novel objects before a function was described. 
C)  practical objects within the category. 
D)  inventions rated high in both practicality and originality.

Question 19

Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. How will Janet retrieve the book? Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because

Accepted Answer

A)  the solution is immediately obvious. 
B)  there is an obstacle between the present state and the goal state. 
C)  the initial state is not clearly defined. 
D)  the goal state is not clearly defined. 
A)  the solution is immediately obvious. 
B)  there is an obstacle between the present state and the goal state. 
C)  the initial state is not clearly defined. 
D)  the goal state is not clearly defined.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with people who are considered highly creative?

Accepted Answer

A)  Daydreaming 
B)  Analysis 
C)  Mindfulness 
D)  Solitude 
A)  Daydreaming 
B)  Analysis 
C)  Mindfulness 
D)  Solitude

What are potential drawbacks to group brainstorming? What strategies could be used to address these issues?

The radiation problem can be solved using

Insight refers to

Research conducted by Chi and Snyder demonstrated that the Gestalt-style perceptual grouping of items occurs in which region of the brain?

Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem?

In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) _________________ state.

The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that _________________ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems.

________ occurs when a person gives up trying to solve a tough problem and then suddenly comes up with the answer while doing something else.

Which of the following correctly pairs a problem-solving stage with a process under Basadur's model?

Experts _________________ than novices.

Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?

The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT

Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?

When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?

Which of the following is the core concept underlying the Gestalt perspective on problems?

Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. How will Janet retrieve the book? Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with people who are considered highly creative?

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory: Structure

Long-Term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Conceptual Knowledge

Visual Imagery

Language

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters

Exam 12: Problem Solving

What are potential drawbacks to group brainstorming? What strategies could be used to address these issues?

The radiation problem can be solved using

Insight refers to

Research conducted by Chi and Snyder demonstrated that the Gestalt-style perceptual grouping of items occurs in which region of the brain?

Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem?

In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) _________________ state.

The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that _________________ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems.

________ occurs when a person gives up trying to solve a tough problem and then suddenly comes up with the answer while doing something else.

Which of the following correctly pairs a problem-solving stage with a process under Basadur's model?

Experts _________________ than novices.

Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?

The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT

Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?

When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?

Which of the following is the core concept underlying the Gestalt perspective on problems?

Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. How will Janet retrieve the book? Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with people who are considered highly creative?

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory: Structure

Long-Term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Conceptual Knowledge

Visual Imagery

Language

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters