Question 1

Time-series designs with many measurement points control for maturation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

To avoid or alleviate practical pitfalls when carrying out experiments in social work agencies,researchers should:

Accepted Answer

A)  Include agency staff in the research planning phase. 
B)  Keep research staff away from program staff during the study. 
C)  Avoid developing or using treatment manuals for the experimental or control conditions. 
D)  Refrain from recruiting clients on an ongoing basis throughout the study. 
A)  Include agency staff in the research planning phase. 
B)  Keep research staff away from program staff during the study. 
C)  Avoid developing or using treatment manuals for the experimental or control conditions. 
D)  Refrain from recruiting clients on an ongoing basis throughout the study. A

Question 3

When selecting a comparison group in a quasi-experimental design,one should

Accepted Answer

A) select a group unlike the experimental group: 
B) select a group as similar as possible to the experimental group: 
C) use random assignment. 
D) avoid the use of switching replications. 
A) select a group unlike the experimental group: 
B) select a group as similar as possible to the experimental group: 
C) use random assignment. 
D) avoid the use of switching replications. B

Question 4

Cross-sectional designs have a high degree of internal validity because they show how causal processes occur over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Describe and explain the logical arrangements used in nonequivalent comparison groups designs,simple time-series designs,and multiple time-series designs.

Accepted Answer

Nonequivalent comparison group designs i

Question 6

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional studies and the case control design.

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional studies and case control

Question 7

Which of the following statements is/are true about case-control designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are rarely feasible. 
B)  Data must be collected at multiple points in time. 
C)  Retrospective data are collected about past differences that might explain differences in outcome. 
D) We can usually be highly confident about their internal and external validity. 
E) We can usually be highly confident about the direction of causal influence. 
A)  They are rarely feasible. 
B)  Data must be collected at multiple points in time. 
C)  Retrospective data are collected about past differences that might explain differences in outcome. 
D) We can usually be highly confident about their internal and external validity. 
E) We can usually be highly confident about the direction of causal influence.

Question 8

Time-series designs with many measurement points control for statistical regression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Videotaping treatment sessions should be used only as a last resort when assessing intervention fidelity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Administering multiple pretests in quasi-experiments using nonequivalent comparison groups helps in detecting whether participants were already engaged in a change process before treatment began.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Discuss how qualitative methods can be used to try to avoid or alleviate the pitfalls identified above in essay number 2.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative methods can be used to avoid

Question 12

Nonequivalent comparison groups designs can be strengthened by

Accepted Answer

A) using multiple pretests or switching replications. 
B) using smaller sample sizes . 
C) using no pretests 
D) using replication without switching. 
A) using multiple pretests or switching replications. 
B) using smaller sample sizes . 
C) using no pretests 
D) using replication without switching.

Question 13

After the delivery of their baby,new parents in hospital A were given a poison-control test.While at the hospital they attended a training session on poison control.At the end of a week,they were given the poison-control test again.After the delivery of their baby,new parents in hospital B were given the poison-control test.One week later they were given the test again.What kind of design is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  pretest-posttest control group: 
B)  time series. 
C)  nonequivalent comparison group: 
D)  cross-sectional design. 
E) multiple time-series. 
A)  pretest-posttest control group: 
B)  time series. 
C)  nonequivalent comparison group: 
D)  cross-sectional design. 
E) multiple time-series.

Question 14

Which of the following is/are NOT a characteristic of a cross-sectional study?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is conducted at only one point in time. 
B)  It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory. 
C)  It concentrates on the changes that take place within a specific sample over a period of time. 
D)  It provides a means for studying a large variation in the population at the same point in time. 
A)  It is conducted at only one point in time. 
B)  It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory. 
C)  It concentrates on the changes that take place within a specific sample over a period of time. 
D)  It provides a means for studying a large variation in the population at the same point in time.

Question 15

Recommendations to maximize compliance with the case assignment protocol in experiments or quasi-experiments include

Accepted Answer

A)  having agency staff implement the case assignment decisions. 
B)  NOT explaining to agency staff the purpose and nature of the case assignment protocol. 
C)  pilot testing the randomization procedure in the agency. 
D) assigning control of the case assignment protocol to multiple agency staff members. 
A)  having agency staff implement the case assignment decisions. 
B)  NOT explaining to agency staff the purpose and nature of the case assignment protocol. 
C)  pilot testing the randomization procedure in the agency. 
D) assigning control of the case assignment protocol to multiple agency staff members.

Question 16

Case-control designs have a high degree of internal validity because they eliminate the problem of recall bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Administering multiple pretests in a non-equivalent comparison group design:

Accepted Answer

A)  enables us to detect whether participants are already engaged in a change process before treatment begins. 
B)  increases the likelihood that improvemenrom pretest to posttest is a function of statistical regression. 
C)  makes it more difficult to detect trends in the data.. 
D) decreases the internal validity of the design. 
A)  enables us to detect whether participants are already engaged in a change process before treatment begins. 
B)  increases the likelihood that improvemenrom pretest to posttest is a function of statistical regression. 
C)  makes it more difficult to detect trends in the data.. 
D) decreases the internal validity of the design.

Question 18

Quasi-experiments using nonequivalent comparison groups without random assignment can be credible,assuming that the comparability of the experimental and comparison groups is plausible-especially if the researcher provides substantial evidence of that comparability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

When we switch replications in a non-equivalent comparison group design,we:

Accepted Answer

A)  administer the treatment to the control group before posttesting. 
B)  can determine whether the difference between the groups at the first posttest may be attributed to the lack of comparability between the two groups. 
C)  decrease the chances of determining whether the difference between the groups at the first posttest may be attributed to a selection bias. 
D) decrease the internal validity of the design. 
A)  administer the treatment to the control group before posttesting. 
B)  can determine whether the difference between the groups at the first posttest may be attributed to the lack of comparability between the two groups. 
C)  decrease the chances of determining whether the difference between the groups at the first posttest may be attributed to a selection bias. 
D) decrease the internal validity of the design.

Question 20

Qualitative methods offer a number of techniques that on-site research staff members can use in attempting to observe research implementation pitfalls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Quasi-Experimental Designs

Time-series designs with many measurement points control for maturation.

To avoid or alleviate practical pitfalls when carrying out experiments in social work agencies,researchers should:

When selecting a comparison group in a quasi-experimental design,one should

Cross-sectional designs have a high degree of internal validity because they show how causal processes occur over time.

Describe and explain the logical arrangements used in nonequivalent comparison groups designs,simple time-series designs,and multiple time-series designs.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional studies and the case control design.

Which of the following statements is/are true about case-control designs?

Time-series designs with many measurement points control for statistical regression.

Videotaping treatment sessions should be used only as a last resort when assessing intervention fidelity.

Administering multiple pretests in quasi-experiments using nonequivalent comparison groups helps in detecting whether participants were already engaged in a change process before treatment began.

Discuss how qualitative methods can be used to try to avoid or alleviate the pitfalls identified above in essay number 2.

Nonequivalent comparison groups designs can be strengthened by

Which of the following is/are NOT a characteristic of a cross-sectional study?

Recommendations to maximize compliance with the case assignment protocol in experiments or quasi-experiments include

Case-control designs have a high degree of internal validity because they eliminate the problem of recall bias.

Administering multiple pretests in a non-equivalent comparison group design:

Quasi-experiments using nonequivalent comparison groups without random assignment can be credible,assuming that the comparability of the experimental and comparison groups is plausible-especially if the researcher provides substantial evidence of that comparability.

When we switch replications in a non-equivalent comparison group design,we:

Qualitative methods offer a number of techniques that on-site research staff members can use in attempting to observe research implementation pitfalls.

Why Study Research

Evidence-Based Practice

Philosophy and Theory in Social Work Research

Comparing Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods of Inquiry

The Ethics and Politics of Social Work Research

Culturally Competent Research

Problem Formulation

Conceptualization in Quantitative and Qualitative Inquiry

Measurement

Constructing Measurement Instruments

Causal Inference and Experimental Designs

Single-Case Evaluation Designs

Program Evaluation

Sampling

Survey Research

Analyzing Existing Data: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

Qualitative Research: General Principles

Qualitative Research: Specific Methods

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Inferential Data Analysis

Inferential Data Analysis

Writing Research Proposals and Reports

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