Question 1

A correlation of .60 indicates that 36 percent of the variance in the dependent variable has been explained.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The smaller the sample,the greater the probability of obtaining
statistically significanindings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

When two groups are significantly different on a dependent variable at the .05 level of significance,it means that there is a
five-percent difference between them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

The odds ratio shows how much more or less likely a certain dependent variable outcome is for categories of the independent variable

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An experiment is conducted to test the effectiveness of a social work intervention.The experimental group improves more than does the control group,but the results are not statistically significant.This means that

Accepted Answer

A) the intervention was not effective. 
B) the intervention was effective, but not at a significant level. 
C) we cannot rule out sampling error in inferring about the effectiveness of the intervention. 
D) the results were clinically significant despite not being statistically significant. 
A) the intervention was not effective. 
B) the intervention was effective, but not at a significant level. 
C) we cannot rule out sampling error in inferring about the effectiveness of the intervention. 
D) the results were clinically significant despite not being statistically significant.

Question 6

In an evaluation of an intervention that seeks to reduce depression scores among the frail elderly,the mean of the experimental group is 30,the mean of the control group is 60,and the standard deviation is 10.Cohen's d effect size is

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  minus 3 
C)  30 
D)  10 
A)  3 
B)  minus 3 
C)  30 
D)  10

Question 7

A relationship with a correlation of .50

Accepted Answer

A)  has more substantive significance than any other relationship with a lower correlation. 
B)  shows that 50% of the variation in the dependent variable is explained. 
C)  is stronger than any relationship with a correlation of -.50. 
D)  is more likely to be statistically significant than any relationship with a lower correlation. 
E) might not be substantively significant 
A)  has more substantive significance than any other relationship with a lower correlation. 
B)  shows that 50% of the variation in the dependent variable is explained. 
C)  is stronger than any relationship with a correlation of -.50. 
D)  is more likely to be statistically significant than any relationship with a lower correlation. 
E) might not be substantively significant

Question 8

Inferential statistics are used primarily for describing samples.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Interpret the meaning of an odds ratio finding in which 80 percent of Intervention A recipients had a successful outcome,and 50 percent of Treatment As Usual recipients had a successful outcome.

Accepted Answer

An odds ratio (OR) is a measure of assoc

Question 10

Explain Type I and Type 11 errors,when they are risked,and what can be done to reduce their risks.

Accepted Answer

Type I and Type II errors are concepts i

Question 11

The number needed to treat calculation bears upon the practical value of the risk ratio

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A .05 level of significance means that

Accepted Answer

A) there is only a 5% chance that the statistic's value could be obtained as a result of sampling errors only. 
B)  one is 50% certain that the sample value is representative of the population. 
C)  there is only a 5% chance that the variables tested are not independent. 
D)  the results can be accepted because the sampling error is only 5%. 
E)  the level of confidence is only 5%. 
A) there is only a 5% chance that the statistic's value could be obtained as a result of sampling errors only. 
B)  one is 50% certain that the sample value is representative of the population. 
C)  there is only a 5% chance that the variables tested are not independent. 
D)  the results can be accepted because the sampling error is only 5%. 
E)  the level of confidence is only 5%.

Question 13

Which of the following hypotheses assumes that there is no relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A) Research 
B) Null 
C) Alternate 
D) Secondary 
E) Substantive 
A) Research 
B) Null 
C) Alternate 
D) Secondary 
E) Substantive

Question 14

Mathematics dictates that all tests of statistical significance should use .05 as the significance level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A Cohen's d effect size of .60 is

Accepted Answer

A)  stronger than the average Cohen's d effect size reported in meta-analyses in social work and allied fields. 
B)  weaker than the average Cohen's d effect size reported in meta-analyses in social work and allied fields. 
C)  about the same as the average Cohen's d effect size reported in meta-analyses in social work and allied fields. 
D)  substantively significant. 
E) not substantively significant. 
A)  stronger than the average Cohen's d effect size reported in meta-analyses in social work and allied fields. 
B)  weaker than the average Cohen's d effect size reported in meta-analyses in social work and allied fields. 
C)  about the same as the average Cohen's d effect size reported in meta-analyses in social work and allied fields. 
D)  substantively significant. 
E) not substantively significant.

Question 16

A researcher conducts a test of statistical significance and finds a probability of less than .05.The researcher should NOT conclude that

Accepted Answer

A) it is improbable that the observed relationship could have resulted from sampling error alone. 
B) the null hypothesis was rejected. 
C) there is a statistically significant relationship at the .05 level. 
D) the results have important implications for social work. 
A) it is improbable that the observed relationship could have resulted from sampling error alone. 
B) the null hypothesis was rejected. 
C) there is a statistically significant relationship at the .05 level. 
D) the results have important implications for social work.

Question 17

In reference to sampling error,which of the following statements is valid?

Accepted Answer

A)  The smaller the sample, the less sampling error. 
B)  Sampling error is an inverse function of sample size. 
C)  Inferential statistics are addressed to sampling and non-sampling errors. 
D)  Random assignment ensures no sampling error. 
A)  The smaller the sample, the less sampling error. 
B)  Sampling error is an inverse function of sample size. 
C)  Inferential statistics are addressed to sampling and non-sampling errors. 
D)  Random assignment ensures no sampling error.

Question 18

How would you interpret a finding from an experiment in which a costly and time-consuming intervention to reduce school dropout had a statistically significant outcome with a Cohen's d effect size of .20? What if the effect size were .80,but the outcome were not statistically significant due to a low sample size?

Accepted Answer

The finding from the experiment with a C

Question 19

If a result is statistically significant,it is also substantively
significant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The selection of the significance level

Accepted Answer

A) is fixed at .05 for social science research. 
B) depends on the size of the population. 
C) is arbitrary, although .05 is frequently used. 
D) must be decided after finishing the analysis. 
A) is fixed at .05 for social science research. 
B) depends on the size of the population. 
C) is arbitrary, although .05 is frequently used. 
D) must be decided after finishing the analysis.

Exam 22: Inferential Data Analysis

A correlation of .60 indicates that 36 percent of the variance in the dependent variable has been explained.

The smaller the sample,the greater the probability of obtaining statistically significanindings.

When two groups are significantly different on a dependent variable at the .05 level of significance,it means that there is a five-percent difference between them.

The odds ratio shows how much more or less likely a certain dependent variable outcome is for categories of the independent variable

An experiment is conducted to test the effectiveness of a social work intervention.The experimental group improves more than does the control group,but the results are not statistically significant.This means that

In an evaluation of an intervention that seeks to reduce depression scores among the frail elderly,the mean of the experimental group is 30,the mean of the control group is 60,and the standard deviation is 10.Cohen's d effect size is

A relationship with a correlation of .50

Inferential statistics are used primarily for describing samples.

Interpret the meaning of an odds ratio finding in which 80 percent of Intervention A recipients had a successful outcome,and 50 percent of Treatment As Usual recipients had a successful outcome.

Explain Type I and Type 11 errors,when they are risked,and what can be done to reduce their risks.

The number needed to treat calculation bears upon the practical value of the risk ratio

A .05 level of significance means that

Which of the following hypotheses assumes that there is no relationship between two variables?

Mathematics dictates that all tests of statistical significance should use .05 as the significance level.

A Cohen's d effect size of .60 is

A researcher conducts a test of statistical significance and finds a probability of less than .05.The researcher should NOT conclude that

In reference to sampling error,which of the following statements is valid?

If a result is statistically significant,it is also substantively significant.

The selection of the significance level

Why Study Research

Evidence-Based Practice

Philosophy and Theory in Social Work Research

Comparing Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods of Inquiry

The Ethics and Politics of Social Work Research

Culturally Competent Research

Problem Formulation

Conceptualization in Quantitative and Qualitative Inquiry

Measurement

Constructing Measurement Instruments

Causal Inference and Experimental Designs

Quasi-Experimental Designs

Single-Case Evaluation Designs

Program Evaluation

Sampling

Survey Research

Analyzing Existing Data: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

Qualitative Research: General Principles

Qualitative Research: Specific Methods

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Inferential Data Analysis

Writing Research Proposals and Reports

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