Question 1

What is the significance of CDK?

Accepted Answer

CDK symbolizes a class of protein kinases,which,when activated,selectively phosphorylate target proteins.Many of these phosphorylated proteins are involved in cell-cycle control.

Question 2

In what way can loss of heterozygosity lead to cancer?

Accepted Answer

Loss of heterozygosity occurs when a cancer-producing gene that exists in the heterozygous state becomes exposed through deletion,mutation,recombination,uniparental disomy,or chromosomal aberration.Such a gene now is either homozygous or hemizygous.

Question 3

Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell.Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  alteration mutations 
B)  passenger mutations 
C)  carrier mutations 
D)  indirect mutations 
E)  insignificant mutations 
A)  alteration mutations 
B)  passenger mutations 
C)  carrier mutations 
D)  indirect mutations 
E)  insignificant mutations B

Question 4

What is the name of the protein that combines with cyclins to exert local control of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  cyclin-dependent kinase 
B)  phosphatase 
C)  ATPase 
D)  integrase 
E)  hexokinase 
A)  cyclin-dependent kinase 
B)  phosphatase 
C)  ATPase 
D)  integrase 
E)  hexokinase

Question 5

Describe the major cellular and molecular events that mark the entry of mitosis from G2.

Accepted Answer

condensation of chromatin to f

Question 6

In sporadic cases of retinoblastoma,how many gene mutations are thought to be necessary in the same cell for a tumor to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  four 
D)  six 
E)  There is insufficient information to answer this question. 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  four 
D)  six 
E)  There is insufficient information to answer this question.

Question 7

Differentiate among the following types of genes: tumor-suppressor gene,proto-oncogene,and oncogene.

Accepted Answer

Tumor-suppressor genes normall

Question 8

What is retinoblastoma,and what is its supposed genetic basis?

Accepted Answer

Retinoblastoma is cancer of the retinal

Question 9

What functional differences exist between various cyclins?

Accepted Answer

Cyclins combine with a kinase to regulat

Question 10

Provide a definition of cancer at the anatomical level.

Accepted Answer

Cancer is the uncontrolled pro

Question 11

Chronic myelogenous leukemia appears to be associated with a chromosomal rearrangement.Which chromosome(s)is(are)involved,and what is the name of the rearrangement?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes 9 and 22 are invol

Question 12

The genome of humans is remarkably stable,so much so that there are no cancers known to result from genomic instability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Describe the molecular nature of mutation,as related to cancer,in a ras gene.

Accepted Answer

The ras gene family encodes a protein of

Question 14

Describe the general relationship that may exist between mutations and cancer.

Accepted Answer

Control of the cell cycle is dependent o

Question 15

A retrovirus uses reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy of RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What are two properties that various types of cancer cells share?

Accepted Answer

uncontroll

Question 17

When referring to tumor-suppressor genes and cancer,loss of heterozygosity is likely to suppress cancer formation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

As more is learned about cancer,it has become clear that cancer,with few exceptions,has no genetic basis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Describe the cellular and molecular function of the ras gene family and the consequences of mutations in ras.

Accepted Answer

The ras gene family encodes a protein th

Question 20

Much has been written about p53 in terms of cancer biology.What is p53,and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Mutations in the p53 gene are important

Exam 19: Cancer and Regulation of the Cell Cycle

What is the significance of CDK?

In what way can loss of heterozygosity lead to cancer?

Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell.Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?

What is the name of the protein that combines with cyclins to exert local control of the cell cycle?

Describe the major cellular and molecular events that mark the entry of mitosis from G2.

In sporadic cases of retinoblastoma,how many gene mutations are thought to be necessary in the same cell for a tumor to develop?

Differentiate among the following types of genes: tumor-suppressor gene,proto-oncogene,and oncogene.

What is retinoblastoma,and what is its supposed genetic basis?

What functional differences exist between various cyclins?

Provide a definition of cancer at the anatomical level.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia appears to be associated with a chromosomal rearrangement.Which chromosome(s)is(are)involved,and what is the name of the rearrangement?

The genome of humans is remarkably stable,so much so that there are no cancers known to result from genomic instability.

Describe the molecular nature of mutation,as related to cancer,in a ras gene.

Describe the general relationship that may exist between mutations and cancer.

A retrovirus uses reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy of RNA.

What are two properties that various types of cancer cells share?

When referring to tumor-suppressor genes and cancer,loss of heterozygosity is likely to suppress cancer formation.

As more is learned about cancer,it has become clear that cancer,with few exceptions,has no genetic basis.

Describe the cellular and molecular function of the ras gene family and the consequences of mutations in ras.

Much has been written about p53 in terms of cancer biology.What is p53,and what is its significance?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Developmental Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Genomics, bioinformatics, and Proteomics

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Neurogenetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

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