Question 1

Intron frequency varies considerably among eukaryotes.Provide a general comparison of intron frequencies in yeast and humans.What about intron size?

Accepted Answer

The entire yeast genome has only about 240 introns,whereas some single genes in humans contain more than 100 introns.In general,smaller genomes have smaller intron size in addition to lower intron number.

Question 2

Which two factors contribute significantly to the wide ranges of genome size among eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

The presence of introns and repetitive sequences is a major contributor,as are the differences in the number of genes.

Question 3

One major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes is that eukaryotic genes can contain internal sequences,called ________,that get removed in the mature message.

Accepted Answer

intervening sequences,or introns

Question 4

Describe the organization of the α-globin gene in humans.

Accepted Answer

The α-group spans more than 30 kb and co

Question 5

Proteomics is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  process of defining the complete set of proteins encoded by a genome 
B)  harvesting of proteins from a cell to determine their economic value 
C)  manipulation of amino acid sequences in proteins to alter their function 
D)  changing of the terminal sequences of proteins to alter their function 
E)  rational design of drugs based on protein structure 
A)  process of defining the complete set of proteins encoded by a genome 
B)  harvesting of proteins from a cell to determine their economic value 
C)  manipulation of amino acid sequences in proteins to alter their function 
D)  changing of the terminal sequences of proteins to alter their function 
E)  rational design of drugs based on protein structure

Question 6

Bacterial genes have introns,and eukaryotic genes lack introns.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Compared with eukaryotic chromosomes,bacterial chromosomes are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  large, mainly organized in single gene transcription units without introns 
B)  small, mainly organized in single gene transcription units with introns 
C)  large, mainly organized in polygenic transcription units without introns 
D)  small, with high gene density 
E)  large, triple-helix, Z-DNA, organized in single gene units with introns 
A)  large, mainly organized in single gene transcription units without introns 
B)  small, mainly organized in single gene transcription units with introns 
C)  large, mainly organized in polygenic transcription units without introns 
D)  small, with high gene density 
E)  large, triple-helix, Z-DNA, organized in single gene units with introns

Question 8

The Human Genome Project is an international effort to construct a base sequence of the approximately 3 billion base pairs in the haploid human genome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In general,the organization of genes in bacteria is different from that in eukaryotes.In E.coli,approximately 27 percent of all genes are organized into contiguous,functionally related units containing multiple genes under coordinate control that are transcribed as a single unit.Such contiguous gene families are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcriptomes 
B)  proteomes 
C)  contigs 
D)  operons 
E)  pseudogenes 
A)  transcriptomes 
B)  proteomes 
C)  contigs 
D)  operons 
E)  pseudogenes

Question 10

Sequencing the dog genome has indicated that a single locus on chromosome 15 may play a major role in genetically distinguishing large dog breeds from small dog breeds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Explain the goal of the emerging discipline called systems biology.

Accepted Answer

Systems biology seeks to incor

Question 12

Describe the relationship between introns (size and number)and organismic complexity in eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

Going from yeast to multicellu

Question 13

In humans,no genes are larger than 2 kb.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A number of generalizations can be made about the organization of protein-coding genes in bacterial chromosomes.First,the gene density is very high,averaging about ________.

Accepted Answer

one gene p

Question 15

What appears to be the range of the number of protein-coding genes per genome in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

5000 to ab

Question 16

Briefly describe general trends relating to DNA content and gene number in major groups of organisms.

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes contain more DNA in their gen

Question 17

Compared with prokaryotic chromosomes,eukaryotic chromosomes are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  large, mainly organized in single gene transcription units without introns 
B)  small, mainly organized in single gene transcription units with introns 
C)  large, mainly organized in polygenic transcription units without introns 
D)  small, mainly organized in polygenic transcription units without introns 
E)  large, linear, less densely packed with protein-coding genes, mainly organized in single gene units with introns 
A)  large, mainly organized in single gene transcription units without introns 
B)  small, mainly organized in single gene transcription units with introns 
C)  large, mainly organized in polygenic transcription units without introns 
D)  small, mainly organized in polygenic transcription units without introns 
E)  large, linear, less densely packed with protein-coding genes, mainly organized in single gene units with introns

Question 18

Typically,bacterial DNA contains less repetitive DNA than eukaryotic DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The human genome contains approximately 20,000 protein-coding genes,yet it has the capacity to produce several hundred thousand gene products.What can account for the vast difference in gene number and product number?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alternative splicing occurs. 
B)  There are more introns than exons. 
C)  There are more exons than introns. 
D)  Much of the DNA is in the form of trinucleotide repeats, thus allowing multiple start sites for different genes. 
E)  Every gene can be read in both directions, and each gene can have inversions and translocations. 
A)  Alternative splicing occurs. 
B)  There are more introns than exons. 
C)  There are more exons than introns. 
D)  Much of the DNA is in the form of trinucleotide repeats, thus allowing multiple start sites for different genes. 
E)  Every gene can be read in both directions, and each gene can have inversions and translocations.

Question 20

There is a general inverse relationship between DNA content and organismic complexity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 21: Genomics, bioinformatics, and Proteomics

Intron frequency varies considerably among eukaryotes.Provide a general comparison of intron frequencies in yeast and humans.What about intron size?

Which two factors contribute significantly to the wide ranges of genome size among eukaryotes?

One major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes is that eukaryotic genes can contain internal sequences,called ________,that get removed in the mature message.

Describe the organization of the α-globin gene in humans.

Proteomics is the ________.

Bacterial genes have introns,and eukaryotic genes lack introns.

Compared with eukaryotic chromosomes,bacterial chromosomes are ________.

The Human Genome Project is an international effort to construct a base sequence of the approximately 3 billion base pairs in the haploid human genome.

Sequencing the dog genome has indicated that a single locus on chromosome 15 may play a major role in genetically distinguishing large dog breeds from small dog breeds.

Explain the goal of the emerging discipline called systems biology.

Describe the relationship between introns (size and number)and organismic complexity in eukaryotes.

In humans,no genes are larger than 2 kb.

A number of generalizations can be made about the organization of protein-coding genes in bacterial chromosomes.First,the gene density is very high,averaging about ________.

What appears to be the range of the number of protein-coding genes per genome in eukaryotes?

Briefly describe general trends relating to DNA content and gene number in major groups of organisms.

Compared with prokaryotic chromosomes,eukaryotic chromosomes are ________.

Typically,bacterial DNA contains less repetitive DNA than eukaryotic DNA.

The human genome contains approximately 20,000 protein-coding genes,yet it has the capacity to produce several hundred thousand gene products.What can account for the vast difference in gene number and product number?

There is a general inverse relationship between DNA content and organismic complexity.

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Developmental Genetics

Cancer and Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Recombinant DNA Technology

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Neurogenetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

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