Chat with AIExam 3: B: The Psychology of Police Investigations
What does the acronym for the PEACE model of interrogation stand for? Briefly describe the primary goal of this model,and provide one example of how Canadian police officers are not adhering o the principles advocated by the PEACE model.
(40) 
Verified-PEACE is an acronym for planning and preparation,engage and explain,account,closure,and evaluation.
-this model provides an inquisitorial framework within which to conduct police interrogations (compared with the accusatorial framework used in the Reid model)and is based on an interview method known as conversation management,which encourages information gathering more than securing a confession
-As highlighted above,rather than focusing on extracting confessions,the primary goal of a PEACE interview would be to obtain complete and accurate information about the crime in question; information that will ultimately allow investigators to conduct a more efficient and effective investigation
-Canadian interrogators rarely rely on questioning practices that will allow them to maximize the amount of complete and accurate information that is collected.For example,open-ended questions were used much less frequently (<1% of all questions)than close-ended questions (approximately 40% of all questions)in the interviews analyzed by Snook et al.,despite the fact that research consistently demonstrates that an interviewer can extract a higher quantity of information from suspects,and more accurate information,when they allow the interviewee to do most of the talking.
What is the name of the interrogation model that is most often taught to police officers in North America? Briefly describe the model's three stages.
(31) Verified-The model of interrogation that is most often taught to police officers in North America is the Reid model of interrogation.
-Stage 1: gather crime-related evidence and interview witnesses and victims
-Stage 2: conduct a non-accusatorial interview of the suspect to assess guilt
-Stage 3: if the suspect is perceived to be guilty,conduct an accusatorial interrogation of the suspect using the nine-step procedure in order to obtain a confession
Distinguish between a retracted confession and a disputed confession.
(25) Verified• Retracted confession: involves a suspect/defendant declaring that the confession he or she made is false
• Disputed confession: involves a confession that is challenged in court due to legal technicalities or because a suspect/defendant denies the confession was ever made
What are the three main categories of false confessions proposed by Kassin and Wrightsman (1985)? Describe each and identify the circumstances under which each are likely to arise.
(43) Distinguish between deductive criminal profiling and inductive criminal profiling.Identify a problem associated with each method.
(31) List the two primary goals of a police interrogation.In addition,describe the three types of false confessions that can result from North American-style police interrogation techniques,making it very clear how they differ from one another.
(31) List five crime scene behaviours that are assumed to relate to organized offenders and five crime scene behaviours that are assumed to related to disorganized offenders.
(27) List five background characteristics that are assumed to relate to organized offenders and five background characteristics that are assumed to related to disorganized offenders.
(36) Define criminal profiling in general terms and provide four main goals of criminal profiling.
(31) Define what is meant by minimization and maximization techniques and provide one example of each technique.
(29) What is the equation specified by Pinizzotto and Finkel (1990)that describes the process of criminal profiling? Define or explain each component of the equation.
(44) 
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