Question 1

Narby,Cutler,and Moran (1993)conducted a meta-analysis examining authoritarianism and juror verdicts.They found what type of relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) small positive 
B) small negative 
C) moderate positive 
D) moderate negative 
E) no relationship 
A) small positive 
B) small negative 
C) moderate positive 
D) moderate negative 
E) no relationship C

Question 2

Following deliberations,a jury may be more likely to return a verdict of not guilty.This refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the polarization effect 
B) the verdict driven effect 
C) the evidence driven effect 
D) the leniency effect 
E) the nullification effect 
A) the polarization effect 
B) the verdict driven effect 
C) the evidence driven effect 
D) the leniency effect 
E) the nullification effect D

Question 3

You have been summoned as a prospective juror,and are being asked questions by the Crown and defence.When the defence finds out you are taking a course in forensic psychology,he argues that you should be excused on this basis and not eligible to be a juror in this case.What type of challenge is the defence council using in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) Ex-post-facto challenge 
B) Challenge for cause 
C) Nullification challenge 
D) Voir dire challenge 
E) Peremptory challenge 
A) Ex-post-facto challenge 
B) Challenge for cause 
C) Nullification challenge 
D) Voir dire challenge 
E) Peremptory challenge B

Question 4

Thomas receives a jury summons in the mail,but he throws it in the trash and does not show up to the courthouse at the appointed time.What is the likely outcome for Thomas?

Accepted Answer

A) No penalty 
B) Jail time 
C) A monetary fine 
D) Will not be excused from jury duty 
E) Either b or c 
A) No penalty 
B) Jail time 
C) A monetary fine 
D) Will not be excused from jury duty 
E) Either b or c

Question 5

According to retired Supreme Court Justice of Canada Frank Iacobucci,which population is currently under-represented on Canadian juries?

Accepted Answer

A) Women 
B) Aboriginals 
C) Asians 
D) Youth 
E) Men 
A) Women 
B) Aboriginals 
C) Asians 
D) Youth 
E) Men

Question 6

In R.v.Darrach,2000,the Supreme Court of Canada decided that the onus is on the ___________ to show the victim's sexual history is relevant in a sexual assault case.

Accepted Answer

A) Crown 
B) defendant 
C) victim 
D) jury 
E) police officer 
A) Crown 
B) defendant 
C) victim 
D) jury 
E) police officer

Question 7

Which of the following is not a strategy used to increase the chances of an impartial jury?

Accepted Answer

A) Adjournment 
B) Challenge for cause 
C) Change of venue 
D) Peremptory challenge 
E) Postponing the trial 
A) Adjournment 
B) Challenge for cause 
C) Change of venue 
D) Peremptory challenge 
E) Postponing the trial

Question 8

According to a study by Sundby (1997)on jurors' perceptions of different types of witnesses,which of the following witnesses would be viewed most negatively?

Accepted Answer

A) a lay expert 
B) a professional expert 
C) a friend of the defendant 
D) a family member of the defendant 
E) There are generally no differences in jurors' perceptions of these different witnesses. 
A) a lay expert 
B) a professional expert 
C) a friend of the defendant 
D) a family member of the defendant 
E) There are generally no differences in jurors' perceptions of these different witnesses.

Question 9

Sam and the other members of the jury have just finished hearing all the evidence in a sexual assault trial.Once they enter the deliberation room,Sam says that he thinks they should take an initial poll to see what verdict each juror would return,and then they can discuss the evidence.Sam is using what type of style of jury deliberation?

Accepted Answer

A) Polarization 
B) Evidence driven 
C) Verdict driven 
D) Leniency 
E) Nullification 
A) Polarization 
B) Evidence driven 
C) Verdict driven 
D) Leniency 
E) Nullification

Question 10

A(n)_______________ can be used by the Crown or the defence to reject a potential juror without have to provide a reason for doing so.

Accepted Answer

A) adjournment 
B) challenge for cause 
C) nullification 
D) voir dire 
E) peremptory challenge 
A) adjournment 
B) challenge for cause 
C) nullification 
D) voir dire 
E) peremptory challenge

Question 11

In Canadian murder trials,the defence and Crown are each allowed ___ peremptory challenges.

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 10 
C) 12 
D) 16 
E) 20 
A) 6 
B) 10 
C) 12 
D) 16 
E) 20

Question 12

Research on the effects of pretrial publicity and juror decision-making by Ruva and colleagues has revealed that

Accepted Answer

A) only negative pretrial publicity influences verdicts 
B) only positive pretrial publicity influences verdicts 
C) both negative and positive pretrial publicity influences verdicts 
D) verdicts are not influenced by this publicity as it is disregarded by jurors. 
E) jurors are only selected if they have not been exposed to any publicity about the defendant. 
A) only negative pretrial publicity influences verdicts 
B) only positive pretrial publicity influences verdicts 
C) both negative and positive pretrial publicity influences verdicts 
D) verdicts are not influenced by this publicity as it is disregarded by jurors. 
E) jurors are only selected if they have not been exposed to any publicity about the defendant.

Question 13

The current rape shield provisions in Canadian courts specify that:

Accepted Answer

A) A woman's prior sexual history cannot be introduced in court. 
B) A woman's prior sexual history is admissible evidence and necessary for determining credibility. 
C) A woman's sexual history is deemed irrelevant in court,unless prior false allegations of rape exist on record. 
D) A woman's prior sexual history is relevant only when it concerns previous confirmed victimization. 
E) A woman's prior sexual history may be admitted to court at the judge's discretion and only if relevant to the case. 
A) A woman's prior sexual history cannot be introduced in court. 
B) A woman's prior sexual history is admissible evidence and necessary for determining credibility. 
C) A woman's sexual history is deemed irrelevant in court,unless prior false allegations of rape exist on record. 
D) A woman's prior sexual history is relevant only when it concerns previous confirmed victimization. 
E) A woman's prior sexual history may be admitted to court at the judge's discretion and only if relevant to the case.

Question 14

Which of the following is not true regarding indic offences in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A) The accused can choose whether the trial proceeds by judge alone or judge and jury in some indic offences. 
B) Less serious indic offences are heard by a judge sitting alone. 
C) Highly serious indic offences are tried by judge and jury. 
D) Highly serious indic offences can be tried by judge alone if the accused and attorney general agree. 
E) All of the above are true regarding indic offences in Canada. 
A) The accused can choose whether the trial proceeds by judge alone or judge and jury in some indic offences. 
B) Less serious indic offences are heard by a judge sitting alone. 
C) Highly serious indic offences are tried by judge and jury. 
D) Highly serious indic offences can be tried by judge alone if the accused and attorney general agree. 
E) All of the above are true regarding indic offences in Canada.

Question 15

What is the term used to describe a jury that ignores the law when reaching a verdict?

Accepted Answer

A) jury nullification 
B) jury resistance 
C) jury tampering 
D) jury invalidation 
E) jury conscience 
A) jury nullification 
B) jury resistance 
C) jury tampering 
D) jury invalidation 
E) jury conscience

Question 16

Which of the following defendant characteristics has been found to influence a verdict?

Accepted Answer

A) criminal history 
B) mental health 
C) occupation 
D) marital status 
E) sex 
A) criminal history 
B) mental health 
C) occupation 
D) marital status 
E) sex

Question 17

Which of the following methods of researching jury behaviour is least likely to be used in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A) archival research 
B) post-trial interviews 
C) simulation studies 
D) field studies 
E) All of the above are commonly used in Canada. 
A) archival research 
B) post-trial interviews 
C) simulation studies 
D) field studies 
E) All of the above are commonly used in Canada.

Question 18

According to a review of research examining juror questions,Penrod and Heuer (1997)concluded that:

Accepted Answer

A) juror questions help reveal truth 
B) juror questions help increase jurors',judges',and lawyers' satisfaction with the trial and verdict 
C) jury questioning increases a juror's understanding of the case facts 
D) jurors tend to ask legally inappropriate questions 
E) all of the above 
A) juror questions help reveal truth 
B) juror questions help increase jurors',judges',and lawyers' satisfaction with the trial and verdict 
C) jury questioning increases a juror's understanding of the case facts 
D) jurors tend to ask legally inappropriate questions 
E) all of the above

Question 19

A meta-analysis concerning racial bias and verdicts by Mitchell,Haw,Pfeifer,and Meissner (2005)revealed that

Accepted Answer

A) jurors are less likely to return guilty verdicts for 'other-race' defendants because they don't want to appear biased. 
B) jurors are more likely to return guilty verdicts for 'other-race' defendants than for defendants of their own race. 
C) mixed-race juries produce the most accurate verdicts as they balance out any potential biases. 
D) jurors are more likely to convict 'other-race' defendants,especially when racial issues are discussed during trial. 
E) jurors are always less likely to convict 'other-race' defendants due to the leniency bias. 
A) jurors are less likely to return guilty verdicts for 'other-race' defendants because they don't want to appear biased. 
B) jurors are more likely to return guilty verdicts for 'other-race' defendants than for defendants of their own race. 
C) mixed-race juries produce the most accurate verdicts as they balance out any potential biases. 
D) jurors are more likely to convict 'other-race' defendants,especially when racial issues are discussed during trial. 
E) jurors are always less likely to convict 'other-race' defendants due to the leniency bias.

Question 20

The term used to describe a juror who is unbiased is:

Accepted Answer

A) representative 
B) impartial 
C) naïve 
D) immature 
E) partial 
A) representative 
B) impartial 
C) naïve 
D) immature 
E) partial

Exam 7: A: Juries: Fact Finders

Narby,Cutler,and Moran (1993)conducted a meta-analysis examining authoritarianism and juror verdicts.They found what type of relationship?

Following deliberations,a jury may be more likely to return a verdict of not guilty.This refers to:

Thomas receives a jury summons in the mail,but he throws it in the trash and does not show up to the courthouse at the appointed time.What is the likely outcome for Thomas?

According to retired Supreme Court Justice of Canada Frank Iacobucci,which population is currently under-represented on Canadian juries?

In R.v.Darrach,2000,the Supreme Court of Canada decided that the onus is on the ___________ to show the victim's sexual history is relevant in a sexual assault case.

Which of the following is not a strategy used to increase the chances of an impartial jury?

According to a study by Sundby (1997)on jurors' perceptions of different types of witnesses,which of the following witnesses would be viewed most negatively?

A(n)_______________ can be used by the Crown or the defence to reject a potential juror without have to provide a reason for doing so.

In Canadian murder trials,the defence and Crown are each allowed ___ peremptory challenges.

Research on the effects of pretrial publicity and juror decision-making by Ruva and colleagues has revealed that

The current rape shield provisions in Canadian courts specify that:

Which of the following is not true regarding indic offences in Canada?

What is the term used to describe a jury that ignores the law when reaching a verdict?

Which of the following defendant characteristics has been found to influence a verdict?

Which of the following methods of researching jury behaviour is least likely to be used in Canada?

According to a review of research examining juror questions,Penrod and Heuer (1997)concluded that:

A meta-analysis concerning racial bias and verdicts by Mitchell,Haw,Pfeifer,and Meissner (2005)revealed that

The term used to describe a juror who is unbiased is:

A: An Introduction to Forensic Psychology

B: An Introduction to Forensic Psychology

A: Police Psychology

B: Police Psychology

A: The Psychology of Police Investigations

B: The Psychology of Police Investigations

A: Deception

B: Deception

A: Eyewitness Testimony

B: Eyewitness Testimony

A: Child Victims and Witnesses

B: Child Victims and Witnesses

B: Juries: Fact Finders

A: The Role of Mental Illness in Court

B: The Role of Mental Illness in Court

A: Sentencing and Parole in Canada

B: Sentencing and Parole in Canada

A: Risk Assessment

B: Risk Assessment

A: Psychopaths

B: Psychopaths

A: Assessment and Treatment of Young Offenders

B: Assessment and Treatment of Young Offenders

A: Intimate Partner Violence

B: Intimate Partner Violence

A: Sexual Offenders

B: Sexual Offenders

A: Homicidal Offenders

B: Homicidal Offenders

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