Question 1

A chemoautotroph:

Accepted Answer

A) obtains carbon and energy from organic molecules. 
B) obtains energy from the sun and carbon from organic molecules. 
C) obtains energy from the sun and carbon from inorganic molecules. 
D) obtains carbon and energy from inorganic molecules. 
E) obtains energy from the sun and carbon from carbon dioxide only. 
A) obtains carbon and energy from organic molecules. 
B) obtains energy from the sun and carbon from organic molecules. 
C) obtains energy from the sun and carbon from inorganic molecules. 
D) obtains carbon and energy from inorganic molecules. 
E) obtains energy from the sun and carbon from carbon dioxide only. D

Question 2

If E.coli DNA polymerase,not Taq polymerase were used in polymerase chain reaction assays to amplify SSUrRNA gene sequences,we would expect to see:

Accepted Answer

A) increased short fragment DNA sequences 
B) decreased short fragment DNA sequences 
C) the same number of short fragment DNA sequences 
D) increasd long fragment DNA sequences 
E) decreased long fragment DNA sequences 
A) increased short fragment DNA sequences 
B) decreased short fragment DNA sequences 
C) the same number of short fragment DNA sequences 
D) increasd long fragment DNA sequences 
E) decreased long fragment DNA sequences B

Question 3

Which is the correct distinction between a heterotroph and an autotroph?

Accepted Answer

A) An autotroph utilizes organic compounds as a carbon source and a heterotroph uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source. 
B) An autotroph utilizes carbon dioxide as a carbon source and a heterotroph utilizes organic compounds as a carbon source. 
C) An autotroph utilizes complex organic compounds as a carbon source and a heterotroph utilizes simple organic compounds as a carbon source. 
D) An autotroph utilizes carbon dioxide as an energy source and a heterotroph utilizes organic compounds as an energy source. 
E) an autotroph utilizes organic compounds as an energy source and a heterotroph utilizes carbon dioxide as an energy source . 
A) An autotroph utilizes organic compounds as a carbon source and a heterotroph uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source. 
B) An autotroph utilizes carbon dioxide as a carbon source and a heterotroph utilizes organic compounds as a carbon source. 
C) An autotroph utilizes complex organic compounds as a carbon source and a heterotroph utilizes simple organic compounds as a carbon source. 
D) An autotroph utilizes carbon dioxide as an energy source and a heterotroph utilizes organic compounds as an energy source. 
E) an autotroph utilizes organic compounds as an energy source and a heterotroph utilizes carbon dioxide as an energy source . B

Question 4

Which of these gene expression errors will result in heritable genetic change?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase error introducing an incorrect base 
B) RNA polymerase error creating a mutated mRNA 
C) RNA polymerase error creating a mutated tRNA 
D) RNA polymerase error creating a mutated rRNA 
E) All will lead to heritable changes 
A) DNA polymerase error introducing an incorrect base 
B) RNA polymerase error creating a mutated mRNA 
C) RNA polymerase error creating a mutated tRNA 
D) RNA polymerase error creating a mutated rRNA 
E) All will lead to heritable changes

Question 5

Which of these best describes horizontal gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

A) mitosis followed by cytokinesis 
B) meiosis and subsequent formation of a zygote 
C) transfer of genes from mother cell to daughter cell 
D) DNA replication followed by crossing over 
E) acquisition of genes from another organism in the same generation 
A) mitosis followed by cytokinesis 
B) meiosis and subsequent formation of a zygote 
C) transfer of genes from mother cell to daughter cell 
D) DNA replication followed by crossing over 
E) acquisition of genes from another organism in the same generation

Question 6

The size and shapes of Archaean cells suggest relatedness to:

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria 
B) Prokaryotes 
C) Eukaryotes 
D) All other life forms 
E) No other life forms;their sizes and shapes are unique 
A) Bacteria 
B) Prokaryotes 
C) Eukaryotes 
D) All other life forms 
E) No other life forms;their sizes and shapes are unique

Question 7

What are the three Domains of life?

Accepted Answer

A) Monera,Animals,and Plants 
B) Bacteria,Archaea,and Eukarya 
C) Prokaryote,Eukaryote,and Fungi 
D) Animals,Plants,and Bacteria 
E) Prokaryote,Eukaryote,Archaea 
A) Monera,Animals,and Plants 
B) Bacteria,Archaea,and Eukarya 
C) Prokaryote,Eukaryote,and Fungi 
D) Animals,Plants,and Bacteria 
E) Prokaryote,Eukaryote,Archaea

Question 8

Which of these factors has universally facilitated infectious disease spread from the plague times until the modern day? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Visitations from God 
B) Unhealthful air 
C) Immigration 
D) Air travel 
E) Poverty and overcrowding 
A) Visitations from God 
B) Unhealthful air 
C) Immigration 
D) Air travel 
E) Poverty and overcrowding

Question 9

What is the Endosymbiotic Theory is used to explain?

Accepted Answer

A) the rapid evolution of viruses 
B) antiphagocytic abilities of parasitic protozoa 
C) emergence of cell walls 
D) presence of mitochondria in eukaryotes 
E) development of the nucleus in eukaryotes 
A) the rapid evolution of viruses 
B) antiphagocytic abilities of parasitic protozoa 
C) emergence of cell walls 
D) presence of mitochondria in eukaryotes 
E) development of the nucleus in eukaryotes

Question 10

Which of the characteristics of life are not displayed by individual single-celled organisms? Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) metabolism 
B) growth 
C) reproduction 
D) evolution 
E) response
F)homeostasis 
A) metabolism 
B) growth 
C) reproduction 
D) evolution 
E) response
F)homeostasis

Question 11

You have found a novel microbe and wish to classify it at the domain level.The new microbe has histones,no membrane organelles and a proteinaceous cell wall.Which other features are likely displayed by this microbe? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) RNA pol II 
B) RNA pol II- like polymerase 
C) RNA pol III 
D) Single RNA polymerase 
E) Novel lipid linkages 
A) RNA pol II 
B) RNA pol II- like polymerase 
C) RNA pol III 
D) Single RNA polymerase 
E) Novel lipid linkages

Question 12

Who was the first person to provide a written description of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Louis Pasteur 
B) Edward Jenner 
C) Robert Koch 
D) John Tyndall 
E) Anton van Leeuwenhoek 
A) Louis Pasteur 
B) Edward Jenner 
C) Robert Koch 
D) John Tyndall 
E) Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 13

What term applies to the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate for the generation of energy?

Accepted Answer

A) gluconeogenesis 
B) Krebs cycle 
C) lactate fermentation 
D) pentose phosphate pathway 
E) glycolysis 
A) gluconeogenesis 
B) Krebs cycle 
C) lactate fermentation 
D) pentose phosphate pathway 
E) glycolysis

Question 14

The figure shown here relates to the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein.Select the correct alternative scenario(s)for insertion of leucine instead of phenylalanine during translation.

Accepted Answer

A) Error prone RNA polymerase creates a mutant mRNA from a correct DNA template 
B) Mutated tRNA introduces leucine instead of phenylalanine against the correct mRNA sequence 
C) Mutated ribosome creates a environment where mRNA-tRNA mismatches occur infrequently 
D) Both a and b are possible correct scenarios 
E) All of these possibilities could explain the translational error 
A) Error prone RNA polymerase creates a mutant mRNA from a correct DNA template 
B) Mutated tRNA introduces leucine instead of phenylalanine against the correct mRNA sequence 
C) Mutated ribosome creates a environment where mRNA-tRNA mismatches occur infrequently 
D) Both a and b are possible correct scenarios 
E) All of these possibilities could explain the translational error

Question 15

DNA contributes about 2 to 5% to the dry weight of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Select the answer choice with the correct order in which these structures evolved in plant cells:

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria,cell walls,chloroplasts 
B) mitochondria,chloroplasts,cell walls 
C) chloroplasts,mitochondria,cell walls 
D) chloroplasts,cell walls,mitochondria 
E) cell walls,mitochondria,chloroplasts 
A) mitochondria,cell walls,chloroplasts 
B) mitochondria,chloroplasts,cell walls 
C) chloroplasts,mitochondria,cell walls 
D) chloroplasts,cell walls,mitochondria 
E) cell walls,mitochondria,chloroplasts

Question 17

You are a scientific illustrator working on this figure.Your primary intention when revising this figure is to emphasize the concept of semi-concervative replication.What color changes would you make to the figure to enhance comprehension?

Accepted Answer

A) make all DNA strands blue in the figure 
B) make the dsDNA a blue-green hybrid and each newly synthesized strand of the color that makes the new dsDNA blue-green hybrid in appearance too 
C) change all DNA strands to be different colors 
D) do not make any changes,semi-conservative replication is clearly conceptualized 
E) all suggestions are equally informative 
A) make all DNA strands blue in the figure 
B) make the dsDNA a blue-green hybrid and each newly synthesized strand of the color that makes the new dsDNA blue-green hybrid in appearance too 
C) change all DNA strands to be different colors 
D) do not make any changes,semi-conservative replication is clearly conceptualized 
E) all suggestions are equally informative

Question 18

Louis Pasteur's classic swan-necked flask experiment might not have disproved spontaneous generation if this microbial type was present:

Accepted Answer

A) aerobic microbes 
B) anaerobic microbes 
C) endospore forming microbes 
D) viruses 
E) none of these would have impated the results 
A) aerobic microbes 
B) anaerobic microbes 
C) endospore forming microbes 
D) viruses 
E) none of these would have impated the results

Question 19

The study of microbiology includes all of the following EXCEPT _____ .

Accepted Answer

A) plants 
B) viruses 
C) bacteria 
D) fungi 
E) algae 
A) plants 
B) viruses 
C) bacteria 
D) fungi 
E) algae

Question 20

The development of which vaccine would most dramatically reduce death rates in sub-Saharan Africa?

Accepted Answer

A) Tuberculosis 
B) HIV 
C) Malaria 
D) Cholera 
E) Smallpox 
A) Tuberculosis 
B) HIV 
C) Malaria 
D) Cholera 
E) Smallpox

Exam 1: The Microbial World

A chemoautotroph:

If E.coli DNA polymerase,not Taq polymerase were used in polymerase chain reaction assays to amplify SSUrRNA gene sequences,we would expect to see:

Which is the correct distinction between a heterotroph and an autotroph?

Which of these gene expression errors will result in heritable genetic change?

Which of these best describes horizontal gene transfer?

The size and shapes of Archaean cells suggest relatedness to:

What are the three Domains of life?

Which of these factors has universally facilitated infectious disease spread from the plague times until the modern day? (Select all that apply)

What is the Endosymbiotic Theory is used to explain?

Which of the characteristics of life are not displayed by individual single-celled organisms? Select all that apply)

You have found a novel microbe and wish to classify it at the domain level.The new microbe has histones,no membrane organelles and a proteinaceous cell wall.Which other features are likely displayed by this microbe? (Select all that apply)

Who was the first person to provide a written description of bacteria?

What term applies to the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate for the generation of energy?

The figure shown here relates to the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein.Select the correct alternative scenario(s)for insertion of leucine instead of phenylalanine during translation.

DNA contributes about 2 to 5% to the dry weight of the cell.

Select the answer choice with the correct order in which these structures evolved in plant cells:

You are a scientific illustrator working on this figure.Your primary intention when revising this figure is to emphasize the concept of semi-concervative replication.What color changes would you make to the figure to enhance comprehension?

Louis Pasteur's classic swan-necked flask experiment might not have disproved spontaneous generation if this microbial type was present:

The study of microbiology includes all of the following EXCEPT _____ .

The development of which vaccine would most dramatically reduce death rates in sub-Saharan Africa?

Bacteria

Eukaryal Microbes

Archaea

Viruses

Cultivating Microorganisms

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Viral Replication Strategies

Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Microbial Genomics

Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Biotechnology

Metabolism

Biogeochemical Cycles

Microbial Ecosystems

The Microbiology of Food and Water

Microbial Symbionts

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

Adaptive Immunity

Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Bacterial Infections

Viral Pathogenesis

Eukaryal Microbe Pathogenesis

Control of Infectious Diseases

Filters