Question 1

Toxic shock syndrome caused by Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by an exotoxin that acts as a _____ .

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxin 
B) neurotoxin 
C) hemolysin 
D) superantigen 
E) superantibody 
A) cytotoxin 
B) neurotoxin 
C) hemolysin 
D) superantigen 
E) superantibody D

Question 2

ADP ribosylation of elongation factor -2 (EF-2)causes:

Accepted Answer

A) Inhibition of protein synthesis by cleaving the small ribosomal subunit 
B) Inhibition of protein synthesis by cleaving the large ribosomal subunit 
C) Preventing ribosomal movement down the mRNA 
D) Blocking the initial AUG codon 
E) Preventing recognition of stop codons 
A) Inhibition of protein synthesis by cleaving the small ribosomal subunit 
B) Inhibition of protein synthesis by cleaving the large ribosomal subunit 
C) Preventing ribosomal movement down the mRNA 
D) Blocking the initial AUG codon 
E) Preventing recognition of stop codons C

Question 3

The primary pathogenic effect of increased cAMP levels within cells is:

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of cellular energy 
B) Increased ADP synthesis 
C) Disruptions of ion and water balance 
D) Overactivity of ATP synthase 
E) Protein synthesis inhibition 
A) Loss of cellular energy 
B) Increased ADP synthesis 
C) Disruptions of ion and water balance 
D) Overactivity of ATP synthase 
E) Protein synthesis inhibition C

Question 4

Lipoteichoic acids are associated with which of these bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Shigella sonnei 
D) Klebsiella pneumoniae 
E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Shigella sonnei 
D) Klebsiella pneumoniae 
E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Question 5

Evidence that the human disease arising from Shiga toxin production may be co-incidental comes from the observation that:

Accepted Answer

A) Shiga toxin production stimulates iron uptake by host cells 
B) Shiga toxin production increases the survival of E.coli which would be consumed by Tetrahymena protozoa 
C) Shiga toxin is not expressed in bovine animals 
D) Shiga toxin only affects amaoeboid organisms found in air conditioning units 
E) Shiga toxin is bacteriophage-encoded. 
A) Shiga toxin production stimulates iron uptake by host cells 
B) Shiga toxin production increases the survival of E.coli which would be consumed by Tetrahymena protozoa 
C) Shiga toxin is not expressed in bovine animals 
D) Shiga toxin only affects amaoeboid organisms found in air conditioning units 
E) Shiga toxin is bacteriophage-encoded.

Question 6

Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic strains of Escherichia coli attach to host cells in the intestinal lumen via this mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) fimbriae and capsule 
B) capsule and the surface protein intimin 
C) fimbriae and the surface protein intimin 
D) fimbriae and LPS 
E) LPS and capsule 
A) fimbriae and capsule 
B) capsule and the surface protein intimin 
C) fimbriae and the surface protein intimin 
D) fimbriae and LPS 
E) LPS and capsule

Question 7

What is the most common cause of pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children?

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Corynebacterium tuberculosis 
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
D) Streptococcus pyogenes 
E) Streptococcus pneumoniae 
A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Corynebacterium tuberculosis 
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
D) Streptococcus pyogenes 
E) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 8

Type III secretion systems of Gram negative bacteria allow for the direct secretion of toxin into the target cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Clostridium tetani toxin acts by: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Cleaving SNAP25 
B) Cleaving synaptobrevin 
C) Cleaving syntaxin 
D) Inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction 
E) Preventing acetylcholine release by inhibitory neurons 
A) Cleaving SNAP25 
B) Cleaving synaptobrevin 
C) Cleaving syntaxin 
D) Inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction 
E) Preventing acetylcholine release by inhibitory neurons

Question 10

Which of these virulence factors is NOT possessed by the pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Accepted Answer

A) Fimbriae for attachment. 
B) Secretory IgA protease. 
C) Production of urease. 
D) Endotoxin. 
E) The ability to change surface pilin antigens. 
A) Fimbriae for attachment. 
B) Secretory IgA protease. 
C) Production of urease. 
D) Endotoxin. 
E) The ability to change surface pilin antigens.

Question 11

Which of these bacteria displays most capsular antigenic shift?

Accepted Answer

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Haemophilus influenzae 
D) Streptococcus pyogenes 
E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Haemophilus influenzae 
D) Streptococcus pyogenes 
E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Question 12

All of the following are examples of how virulence factors facilitate establishment of disease by a pathogen EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) gaining entry into the host. 
B) evade or overcome host defenses. 
C) obtain nutrients from the host. 
D) antibiotic resistance. 
E) lyse host cells for nutrients. 
A) gaining entry into the host. 
B) evade or overcome host defenses. 
C) obtain nutrients from the host. 
D) antibiotic resistance. 
E) lyse host cells for nutrients.

Question 13

Clostridium botulinum toxin(s)act by: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Cleaving SNAP25 
B) Cleaving synaptobrevin 
C) Cleaving syntaxin 
D) Inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction 
E) Preventing acetylcholine release by inhibitory neurons 
A) Cleaving SNAP25 
B) Cleaving synaptobrevin 
C) Cleaving syntaxin 
D) Inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction 
E) Preventing acetylcholine release by inhibitory neurons

Question 14

Of those infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,what percentage will be disease free?

Accepted Answer

A) 10% 
B) 25% 
C) 60% 
D) 90% 
E) 99% 
A) 10% 
B) 25% 
C) 60% 
D) 90% 
E) 99%

Question 15

SNAP-25 can bind to: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Synaptobrevin 
B) Syntaxin 
C) Botulotoxin A 
D) Tetanotoxin 
E) Botulotoxin C 
A) Synaptobrevin 
B) Syntaxin 
C) Botulotoxin A 
D) Tetanotoxin 
E) Botulotoxin C

Question 16

A person may develop strep throat several times because of the antigenic variations of this.

Accepted Answer

A) teichoic acids 
B) capsule proteins 
C) M-protein 
D) lipopolysaccharide 
E) streptolysin-O 
A) teichoic acids 
B) capsule proteins 
C) M-protein 
D) lipopolysaccharide 
E) streptolysin-O

Question 17

The DTaP vaccine is designed to protect against which diseases?

Accepted Answer

A) diarrhea,tetanus,and polio 
B) diphtheria,tetanus,and pertussis 
C) diarrhea,tetanus,and pertussis 
D) diphtheria,tetanus,and polio 
E) diarrhea,measles,and polio 
A) diarrhea,tetanus,and polio 
B) diphtheria,tetanus,and pertussis 
C) diarrhea,tetanus,and pertussis 
D) diphtheria,tetanus,and polio 
E) diarrhea,measles,and polio

Question 18

Which of these bacteria causes gangrene?

Accepted Answer

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
C) Staphylococcus aureus 
D) Clostridium perfringens 
E) Bacillus subtilis 
A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
C) Staphylococcus aureus 
D) Clostridium perfringens 
E) Bacillus subtilis

Question 19

Synaptobrevin can bind to: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) SNAP-25 
B) Syntaxin 
C) Botulotoxin A 
D) Tetanotoxin 
E) Botulotoxin C 
A) SNAP-25 
B) Syntaxin 
C) Botulotoxin A 
D) Tetanotoxin 
E) Botulotoxin C

Question 20

Select the example of a virulence factor that does not directly cause damage to host cells but elicits a strong,damaging inflammatory host response.

Accepted Answer

A) immunoglobulin protease 
B) endotoxin 
C) cytotoxin 
D) fimbriae 
E) urease 
A) immunoglobulin protease 
B) endotoxin 
C) cytotoxin 
D) fimbriae 
E) urease

Exam 21: Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Bacterial Infections

Toxic shock syndrome caused by Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by an exotoxin that acts as a _____ .

ADP ribosylation of elongation factor -2 (EF-2)causes:

The primary pathogenic effect of increased cAMP levels within cells is:

Lipoteichoic acids are associated with which of these bacteria?

Evidence that the human disease arising from Shiga toxin production may be co-incidental comes from the observation that:

Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic strains of Escherichia coli attach to host cells in the intestinal lumen via this mechanism.

What is the most common cause of pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children?

Type III secretion systems of Gram negative bacteria allow for the direct secretion of toxin into the target cell.

Clostridium tetani toxin acts by: (Select all that apply)

Which of these virulence factors is NOT possessed by the pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Which of these bacteria displays most capsular antigenic shift?

All of the following are examples of how virulence factors facilitate establishment of disease by a pathogen EXCEPT:

Clostridium botulinum toxin(s)act by: (Select all that apply)

Of those infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,what percentage will be disease free?

SNAP-25 can bind to: (Select all that apply)

A person may develop strep throat several times because of the antigenic variations of this.

The DTaP vaccine is designed to protect against which diseases?

Which of these bacteria causes gangrene?

Synaptobrevin can bind to: (Select all that apply)

Select the example of a virulence factor that does not directly cause damage to host cells but elicits a strong,damaging inflammatory host response.

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