Question 1

What are the most numerous white blood cells in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) eosinophils 
B) lymphocytes 
C) neutrophils 
D) basophils 
E) monocytes 
A) eosinophils 
B) lymphocytes 
C) neutrophils 
D) basophils 
E) monocytes C

Question 2

Iron deficiency may protect the body against certain pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Vasodilation is the increase in the diameter of blood vessels.Which of the following does NOT cause vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

A) exposure to cold with no injury 
B) the inflammatory response 
C) freezer burn 
D) Staphylococcus-induced tissue damage 
E) serotonin 
A) exposure to cold with no injury 
B) the inflammatory response 
C) freezer burn 
D) Staphylococcus-induced tissue damage 
E) serotonin A

Question 4

Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)are molecular signatures of microbes that are easily recognized by a host as being of foreign origin.Which of the following is NOT an example of a PAMP?

Accepted Answer

A) lipopolysaccharide 
B) membrane-associated ETS protein 
C) lipid A 
D) teichoic acid 
E) mannose of yeast cell walls 
A) lipopolysaccharide 
B) membrane-associated ETS protein 
C) lipid A 
D) teichoic acid 
E) mannose of yeast cell walls

Question 5

Which of these most directly can lead to septic shock?

Accepted Answer

A) A pathogen invades the bloodstream. 
B) The inflammatory response spreads through the entire body. 
C) The pathogen infects a vital organ. 
D) The inflammatory response is repressed. 
E) An infection is established in deep tissue. 
A) A pathogen invades the bloodstream. 
B) The inflammatory response spreads through the entire body. 
C) The pathogen infects a vital organ. 
D) The inflammatory response is repressed. 
E) An infection is established in deep tissue.

Question 6

During the process of phagocytosis,microbes are contained within the phagosome.The phagosome fuses with vesicles in the cell that contain components for the destruction and degradation of the microbe.Which one of the following strategies is NOT used to destroy the phagocytized microbe?

Accepted Answer

A) degradation by enzymes 
B) inactivation by acidification 
C) lysis via membrane pores 
D) destruction by antibodies 
E) destruction by toxic oxygen radicals 
A) degradation by enzymes 
B) inactivation by acidification 
C) lysis via membrane pores 
D) destruction by antibodies 
E) destruction by toxic oxygen radicals

Question 7

In vertebrates,TLRs are found on the surface of many types of cells.On which of these cells would you NOT expect to find TLRs?

Accepted Answer

A) red blood cells 
B) monocytes 
C) macrophages 
D) neutrophils 
E) dendritic cells 
A) red blood cells 
B) monocytes 
C) macrophages 
D) neutrophils 
E) dendritic cells

Question 8

The C3b fragment is produced as a result of complement activation.C3b acts as a PRR by recognizing and binding to cell wall components of microbes.What will be the result of this binding?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulation of antibody production. 
B) The start of a membrane attack complex. 
C) Enhancement of phagocytosis. 
D) Chemical attraction of lymphocytes. 
E) Stimulation of the inflammatory response. 
A) Stimulation of antibody production. 
B) The start of a membrane attack complex. 
C) Enhancement of phagocytosis. 
D) Chemical attraction of lymphocytes. 
E) Stimulation of the inflammatory response.

Question 9

All of the following are important properties of the skin that help protect us against pathogen colonization EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) our resident microbial population. 
B) keratinized epithelial cells on the surface. 
C) a layer of oil above the epidermis. 
D) high skin temperature. 
E) moderately acidic (pH 5)environment. 
A) our resident microbial population. 
B) keratinized epithelial cells on the surface. 
C) a layer of oil above the epidermis. 
D) high skin temperature. 
E) moderately acidic (pH 5)environment.

Question 10

An example of a secreted PRR is mannose-binding lectin.What is a lectin?

Accepted Answer

A) A lipid that binds proteins. 
B) A carbohydrate that binds proteins. 
C) A carbohydrate that binds carbohydrates. 
D) A protein that binds carbohydrates. 
E) A protein that binds other proteins. 
A) A lipid that binds proteins. 
B) A carbohydrate that binds proteins. 
C) A carbohydrate that binds carbohydrates. 
D) A protein that binds carbohydrates. 
E) A protein that binds other proteins.

Question 11

Natural Killer (NK)cells specialize in destroying these.

Accepted Answer

A) fungi 
B) protozoa 
C) parasitic worms 
D) pathogen infected cells 
E) viruses 
A) fungi 
B) protozoa 
C) parasitic worms 
D) pathogen infected cells 
E) viruses

Question 12

The invertebrate immune response involves ALL of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) phagocytic amoebocytes. 
B) antimicrobial peptides. 
C) antibody producing B-cells. 
D) opsonization of microbes by lectins. 
E) melanin encapsulation of microbes. 
A) phagocytic amoebocytes. 
B) antimicrobial peptides. 
C) antibody producing B-cells. 
D) opsonization of microbes by lectins. 
E) melanin encapsulation of microbes.

Question 13

Which of these cell types can distinguish self from non-self? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Resident macrophages 
B) B cells 
C) T cells 
D) Innate defense cells 
E) Adaptive defense cells 
A) Resident macrophages 
B) B cells 
C) T cells 
D) Innate defense cells 
E) Adaptive defense cells

Question 14

A component often added to vaccines to enhance the immune response to microbial components in the vaccine.

Accepted Answer

A) stimulant 
B) complement 
C) adjuvant 
D) pyrogen 
E) antagonist 
A) stimulant 
B) complement 
C) adjuvant 
D) pyrogen 
E) antagonist

Question 15

A component often added to vaccines to stimulate the immune response to pathogen components in the vaccine is called a/an _____________

Accepted Answer

The answer of A component often added to vaccines to...

Question 16

TLR binding to PAMPs is very important for the initiation of the adaptive immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of these molecules plays a chemoattractant role?

Accepted Answer

A) Type I IFN 
B) C3a 
C) C4a 
D) TLR2 
E) TLR5 
A) Type I IFN 
B) C3a 
C) C4a 
D) TLR2 
E) TLR5

Question 18

Term for the coating of a microbial surface by PRRs,complement,and/or antibodies for the enhancement of phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) marking 
B) recognition 
C) opsonization 
D) adjuvant 
E) endocytosis 
A) marking 
B) recognition 
C) opsonization 
D) adjuvant 
E) endocytosis

Question 19

Which of these cell types undergo gene rearrangements after exposure to pathogens? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Resident macrophages 
B) B cells 
C) T cells 
D) Innate defense cells 
E) Adaptive defense cells 
A) Resident macrophages 
B) B cells 
C) T cells 
D) Innate defense cells 
E) Adaptive defense cells

Question 20

Macrophages are phagocytic cells found in certain body tissues.Macrophages are differentiated from which of these cells?

Accepted Answer

A) monocytes 
B) basophils 
C) lymphocytes 
D) eosinophils 
E) neutrophils 
A) monocytes 
B) basophils 
C) lymphocytes 
D) eosinophils 
E) neutrophils

Exam 19: Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

What are the most numerous white blood cells in the body?

Iron deficiency may protect the body against certain pathogens.

Vasodilation is the increase in the diameter of blood vessels.Which of the following does NOT cause vasodilation?

Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)are molecular signatures of microbes that are easily recognized by a host as being of foreign origin.Which of the following is NOT an example of a PAMP?

Which of these most directly can lead to septic shock?

During the process of phagocytosis,microbes are contained within the phagosome.The phagosome fuses with vesicles in the cell that contain components for the destruction and degradation of the microbe.Which one of the following strategies is NOT used to destroy the phagocytized microbe?

In vertebrates,TLRs are found on the surface of many types of cells.On which of these cells would you NOT expect to find TLRs?

The C3b fragment is produced as a result of complement activation.C3b acts as a PRR by recognizing and binding to cell wall components of microbes.What will be the result of this binding?

All of the following are important properties of the skin that help protect us against pathogen colonization EXCEPT:

An example of a secreted PRR is mannose-binding lectin.What is a lectin?

Natural Killer (NK)cells specialize in destroying these.

The invertebrate immune response involves ALL of the following EXCEPT:

Which of these cell types can distinguish self from non-self? (Select all that apply)

A component often added to vaccines to enhance the immune response to microbial components in the vaccine.

A component often added to vaccines to stimulate the immune response to pathogen components in the vaccine is called a/an _____________

TLR binding to PAMPs is very important for the initiation of the adaptive immune response.

Which of these molecules plays a chemoattractant role?

Term for the coating of a microbial surface by PRRs,complement,and/or antibodies for the enhancement of phagocytosis.

Which of these cell types undergo gene rearrangements after exposure to pathogens? (Select all that apply)

Macrophages are phagocytic cells found in certain body tissues.Macrophages are differentiated from which of these cells?

The Microbial World

Bacteria

Eukaryal Microbes

Archaea

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Cultivating Microorganisms

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Viral Replication Strategies

Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Microbial Genomics

Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Biotechnology

Metabolism

Biogeochemical Cycles

Microbial Ecosystems

The Microbiology of Food and Water

Microbial Symbionts

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Adaptive Immunity

Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Bacterial Infections

Viral Pathogenesis

Eukaryal Microbe Pathogenesis

Control of Infectious Diseases

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