Question 1

Bacterial defenses against cellular infection include: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) latency of some bacterial cells within host tissues 
B) CRISPR-Cas system 
C) ability to destroy immune defenses in the host 
D) production of exotoxin released from its Gram positive cell wall 
E) production of restriction-methylation systems 
A) latency of some bacterial cells within host tissues 
B) CRISPR-Cas system 
C) ability to destroy immune defenses in the host 
D) production of exotoxin released from its Gram positive cell wall 
E) production of restriction-methylation systems

Question 2

Which of these does NOT routinely constitute a "case"

Accepted Answer

A) a carrier of genital warts virus 
B) an animal carrier of foot and mouth disease 
C) a child with measles 
D) an elderly man with pneumonia 
E) a child born to an HIV-diaagnosed woman 
A) a carrier of genital warts virus 
B) an animal carrier of foot and mouth disease 
C) a child with measles 
D) an elderly man with pneumonia 
E) a child born to an HIV-diaagnosed woman

Question 3

Pathogenic E.coli strain O157:H7 evolved from a non-pathogenic strain as a result of this genetic change.

Accepted Answer

A) A mutation in a virulence gene. 
B) A mutation that resulted in antibiotic resistance. 
C) The acquisition of virulence genes from Shigella. 
D) The use of antibiotic supplements in animal feeds. 
E) A mutation that resulted in increased capsule production. 
A) A mutation in a virulence gene. 
B) A mutation that resulted in antibiotic resistance. 
C) The acquisition of virulence genes from Shigella. 
D) The use of antibiotic supplements in animal feeds. 
E) A mutation that resulted in increased capsule production.

Question 4

What often determines the host range of a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A) It's ability to replicate inside a host cell. 
B) The exit strategy of the pathogen. 
C) The ability of pathogen to attach to a host cell. 
D) It's ability to destroy antibody. 
E) Nutrient availability. 
A) It's ability to replicate inside a host cell. 
B) The exit strategy of the pathogen. 
C) The ability of pathogen to attach to a host cell. 
D) It's ability to destroy antibody. 
E) Nutrient availability.

Question 5

Which factor assisted Dr.John Snow's epidemiological determination that cholera was occurring as a common source outbreak?

Accepted Answer

A) he was able to limit access to the source he determined responsible for disease spread 
B) his investigation began relatively soon after the first cases were seen 
C) he had comparable non-infected sources as a comparative base 
D) water access for most individuals was localized 
E) all are contributing factors 
A) he was able to limit access to the source he determined responsible for disease spread 
B) his investigation began relatively soon after the first cases were seen 
C) he had comparable non-infected sources as a comparative base 
D) water access for most individuals was localized 
E) all are contributing factors

Question 6

The Herpes simplex I virus is able to avoid detection by the host immune system through this mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) Antigenic variation. 
B) The production of proteases that destroy antibodies. 
C) The establishment of latency in sensory neurons. 
D) The production of cytotoxins that kill macrophages. 
E) The inhibition of B-cells. 
A) Antigenic variation. 
B) The production of proteases that destroy antibodies. 
C) The establishment of latency in sensory neurons. 
D) The production of cytotoxins that kill macrophages. 
E) The inhibition of B-cells.

Question 7

Most pathogens need to avoid host defenses and attach to host cells before they are able to replicate and establish the disease state in the host.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Primary pathogens are distinguished from opportunistic pathogens in that they always cause a more severe disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The emergence of HIV/AIDS disease was most likely a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in virulence of an existing human retrovirus. 
B) a change in human behavior that allowed the virus to spread. 
C) a mutation in an existing retrovirus that allowed for increased spread between humans. 
D) a rare zoonotic transfer of a retrovirus strain to humans. 
E) an increase in homosexual activity among humans. 
A) an increase in virulence of an existing human retrovirus. 
B) a change in human behavior that allowed the virus to spread. 
C) a mutation in an existing retrovirus that allowed for increased spread between humans. 
D) a rare zoonotic transfer of a retrovirus strain to humans. 
E) an increase in homosexual activity among humans.

Question 10

The CI (case to infection ratio)index can be used to estimate: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Pathogenicity 
B) Virulence 
C) Attenuation potential 
D) number of likely deaths in an outbreak 
E) number of likely disease cases in an outbreak 
A) Pathogenicity 
B) Virulence 
C) Attenuation potential 
D) number of likely deaths in an outbreak 
E) number of likely disease cases in an outbreak

Question 11

How is the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum transmitted from host to host?

Accepted Answer

A) an aerosol route 
B) a fomite 
C) contaminated food or water 
D) a vector-borne route 
E) sexual contact 
A) an aerosol route 
B) a fomite 
C) contaminated food or water 
D) a vector-borne route 
E) sexual contact

Question 12

Term for an epidemic that occurs on multiple continents.

Accepted Answer

A) endemic disease 
B) outbreak 
C) pandemic 
D) emerging disease 
E) re-emerging disease 
A) endemic disease 
B) outbreak 
C) pandemic 
D) emerging disease 
E) re-emerging disease

Question 13

In the CRISPR-Cas system,which component is responsible for phage recognition?

Accepted Answer

A) Pre-cRNA transcript 
B) cRNA subunits 
C) Cas helicase 
D) Cas nuclease 
E) CRISPR locus 
A) Pre-cRNA transcript 
B) cRNA subunits 
C) Cas helicase 
D) Cas nuclease 
E) CRISPR locus

Question 14

Ophiostoma novo-ulmi causes disease through:

Accepted Answer

A) production of chitinase which attacks beetle exoskeletons 
B) production of chitinase damaging fungal structures 
C) production of endotoxin released from its Gram negative cell wall 
D) production of exotoxin released from its Gram positive cell wall 
E) production of xylanase,destroying plant conductive tissue 
A) production of chitinase which attacks beetle exoskeletons 
B) production of chitinase damaging fungal structures 
C) production of endotoxin released from its Gram negative cell wall 
D) production of exotoxin released from its Gram positive cell wall 
E) production of xylanase,destroying plant conductive tissue

Question 15

Examine this figure closely.What will occur before a Phase 1 outbreak determination is made?

Accepted Answer

A) Recognition that avaiable medications are inaqequate 
B) Recognition that vaccination status within populations is inadequate 
C) Air travel from areas of outbreak to unaffected areas 
D) Recognition of a significant increase in disease incidence in non-human populations 
E) Recognition of zoonotic transmission 
A) Recognition that avaiable medications are inaqequate 
B) Recognition that vaccination status within populations is inadequate 
C) Air travel from areas of outbreak to unaffected areas 
D) Recognition of a significant increase in disease incidence in non-human populations 
E) Recognition of zoonotic transmission

Question 16

Examine this figure closely.What will occur before a Phase 6 outbreak determination is made?

Accepted Answer

A) Recognition that avaiable medications are inaqequate 
B) Recognition that vaccination status within populations is inadequate 
C) Air travel from areas of outbreak to unaffected areas 
D) Recognition of a significant increase in disease incidence in non-human populations 
E) Recognition of zoonotic transmission 
A) Recognition that avaiable medications are inaqequate 
B) Recognition that vaccination status within populations is inadequate 
C) Air travel from areas of outbreak to unaffected areas 
D) Recognition of a significant increase in disease incidence in non-human populations 
E) Recognition of zoonotic transmission

Question 17

Which one of the following statements is NOT one of Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

A) Identify the suspected microbe in every person with the disease. 
B) Isolate the suspected microbe in pure culture. 
C) Identify virulence factors from the isolated microbe. 
D) Inoculate the isolated microbe into a susceptible host to see if it causes the disease. 
E) Recover the microbe from the experimentally inoculated host. 
A) Identify the suspected microbe in every person with the disease. 
B) Isolate the suspected microbe in pure culture. 
C) Identify virulence factors from the isolated microbe. 
D) Inoculate the isolated microbe into a susceptible host to see if it causes the disease. 
E) Recover the microbe from the experimentally inoculated host.

Question 18

Which disease listed below is NOT an example of a propagated disease?

Accepted Answer

A) measles 
B) influenza 
C) salmonellosis 
D) tuberculosis 
E) chicken pox 
A) measles 
B) influenza 
C) salmonellosis 
D) tuberculosis 
E) chicken pox

Question 19

Examine this figure closely.What will occur before a Phase 3 outbreak determination is made?

Accepted Answer

A) Recognition that avaiable medications are inaqequate 
B) Recognition that vaccination status within populations is inadequate 
C) Air travel from areas of outbreak to unaffected areas 
D) Recognition of a significant increase in disease incidence in non-human populations 
E) Recognition of zoonotic transmission 
A) Recognition that avaiable medications are inaqequate 
B) Recognition that vaccination status within populations is inadequate 
C) Air travel from areas of outbreak to unaffected areas 
D) Recognition of a significant increase in disease incidence in non-human populations 
E) Recognition of zoonotic transmission

Question 20

What does a high case-to-infection ratio (CI)indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) That the disease is usually fatal. 
B) That most people infected by the pathogen will develop the disease. 
C) That most people infected by the pathogen will not develop the disease. 
D) That the disease is usually very mild. 
E) That the pathogen is transmitted by an aerosol route. 
A) That the disease is usually fatal. 
B) That most people infected by the pathogen will develop the disease. 
C) That most people infected by the pathogen will not develop the disease. 
D) That the disease is usually very mild. 
E) That the pathogen is transmitted by an aerosol route.

Exam 18: Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Bacterial defenses against cellular infection include: (Select all that apply)

Which of these does NOT routinely constitute a "case"

Pathogenic E.coli strain O157:H7 evolved from a non-pathogenic strain as a result of this genetic change.

What often determines the host range of a pathogen?

Which factor assisted Dr.John Snow's epidemiological determination that cholera was occurring as a common source outbreak?

The Herpes simplex I virus is able to avoid detection by the host immune system through this mechanism.

Most pathogens need to avoid host defenses and attach to host cells before they are able to replicate and establish the disease state in the host.

Primary pathogens are distinguished from opportunistic pathogens in that they always cause a more severe disease.

The emergence of HIV/AIDS disease was most likely a result of:

The CI (case to infection ratio)index can be used to estimate: (Select all that apply)

How is the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum transmitted from host to host?

Term for an epidemic that occurs on multiple continents.

In the CRISPR-Cas system,which component is responsible for phage recognition?

Ophiostoma novo-ulmi causes disease through:

Examine this figure closely.What will occur before a Phase 1 outbreak determination is made?

Examine this figure closely.What will occur before a Phase 6 outbreak determination is made?

Which one of the following statements is NOT one of Koch's postulates?

Which disease listed below is NOT an example of a propagated disease?

Examine this figure closely.What will occur before a Phase 3 outbreak determination is made?

What does a high case-to-infection ratio (CI)indicate?

The Microbial World

Bacteria

Eukaryal Microbes

Archaea

Viruses

Cultivating Microorganisms

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Viral Replication Strategies

Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Microbial Genomics

Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Biotechnology

Metabolism

Biogeochemical Cycles

Microbial Ecosystems

The Microbiology of Food and Water

Microbial Symbionts

Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

Adaptive Immunity

Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Bacterial Infections

Viral Pathogenesis

Eukaryal Microbe Pathogenesis

Control of Infectious Diseases

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