Question 1

Fibronectin-binding proteins are associated with which of these bacteria? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Shigella sonnei 
D) Klebsiella pneumoniae 
E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Shigella sonnei 
D) Klebsiella pneumoniae 
E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Question 2

Verotoxins are associated with which of these bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Shigella sonnei 
D) Klebsiella pneumoniae 
E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Escherichia coli 
C) Shigella sonnei 
D) Klebsiella pneumoniae 
E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Question 3

Enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are weak superantigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Pathogenicity islands are blocks of genes on the bacterial chromosome that most likely arose from this process.

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous mutation 
B) horizontal gene transfer 
C) vertical gene transfer 
D) chemically induced mutagenesis 
E) mutation via gamma radiation 
A) spontaneous mutation 
B) horizontal gene transfer 
C) vertical gene transfer 
D) chemically induced mutagenesis 
E) mutation via gamma radiation

Question 5

Bacteria can steal iron from host cells through their production of:

Accepted Answer

A) lactoferrin 
B) transferrin 
C) cytochromes 
D) siderophores 
E) leghemoglobin 
A) lactoferrin 
B) transferrin 
C) cytochromes 
D) siderophores 
E) leghemoglobin

Question 6

Which of these cytokines would be present in high levels in a person with active tuberculosis? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) IFNɤ 
B) IL-4 
C) IL-10 
D) IL-6 
E) TNFα 
A) IFNɤ 
B) IL-4 
C) IL-10 
D) IL-6 
E) TNFα

Question 7

Tuberculosis can be caused by: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Mycobacterium leprae 
B) Mycobacterium bovis 
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D) Mycobacterium caninum 
E) All choices are incorrect 
A) Mycobacterium leprae 
B) Mycobacterium bovis 
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D) Mycobacterium caninum 
E) All choices are incorrect

Question 8

The paralysis observed in botulism sufferers is a result of: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Cleaving SNAP-25 protein 
B) Stimulating synaptobrevin activity 
C) Phosphorylation of syntaxin 
D) Inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction 
E) Preventing GABA release by inhibitory neurons 
A) Cleaving SNAP-25 protein 
B) Stimulating synaptobrevin activity 
C) Phosphorylation of syntaxin 
D) Inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction 
E) Preventing GABA release by inhibitory neurons

Question 9

Which of these is NOT a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

A) transduction 
B) transformation 
C) conjugation 
D) mother cell to daughter cell 
E) transposable elements 
A) transduction 
B) transformation 
C) conjugation 
D) mother cell to daughter cell 
E) transposable elements

Question 10

Horizontal gene transfer by bacteriophage is thought to be a very rare mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Listeriolysin is a cytolysin produced under acidic conditions by Listeria monocytogenes.What does this exotoxin allows the pathogen to do?

Accepted Answer

A) lyse lymphocytes 
B) invade epithelial cells 
C) escape the endosome to avoid digestion 
D) lyse macrophages 
E) lyse neurons 
A) lyse lymphocytes 
B) invade epithelial cells 
C) escape the endosome to avoid digestion 
D) lyse macrophages 
E) lyse neurons

Question 12

Staphylococcus aureus produces a fibronectin-binding protein as a virulence factor to aid in which activity?

Accepted Answer

A) host cell lysis 
B) sequestering iron 
C) attachment 
D) toxin mediated cell inactivation 
E) avoiding antibodies 
A) host cell lysis 
B) sequestering iron 
C) attachment 
D) toxin mediated cell inactivation 
E) avoiding antibodies

Question 13

For most pathogenic bacteria,what is the first step it takes to facilitate entry into its host?

Accepted Answer

A) attachment 
B) toxin production 
C) protease production 
D) sequestering iron 
E) lysis of the host cell 
A) attachment 
B) toxin production 
C) protease production 
D) sequestering iron 
E) lysis of the host cell

Question 14

Botulinum toxin belongs to a group of toxins called A-B toxins.What does the term "A-B" refer to?

Accepted Answer

A) Their antigen-binding properties. 
B) Their antibody-binding toxins. 
C) Their enzymatically active subunit and cell binding subunit. 
D) Their action on the brain. 
E) Their activation of B-cells. 
A) Their antigen-binding properties. 
B) Their antibody-binding toxins. 
C) Their enzymatically active subunit and cell binding subunit. 
D) Their action on the brain. 
E) Their activation of B-cells.

Question 15

Syntaxin can bind to: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) SNAP-25 
B) Synaptobrevin 
C) Botulotoxin A 
D) Tetanotoxin 
E) Botulotoxin C 
A) SNAP-25 
B) Synaptobrevin 
C) Botulotoxin A 
D) Tetanotoxin 
E) Botulotoxin C

Question 16

Streptococcus pyogenes is not efficiently opsonized for phagocytosis because of this component of its capsule.

Accepted Answer

A) hyaluronic acid 
B) lipid A 
C) lipopolysaccharides 
D) teichoic acid 
E) Protein A 
A) hyaluronic acid 
B) lipid A 
C) lipopolysaccharides 
D) teichoic acid 
E) Protein A

Question 17

Which of these are associated with Type III secretion systems?

Accepted Answer

A) Gram positive bacteria 
B) Gram negative bacteria 
C) Staphylococcus aureus 
D) Streptococcus pyogenes 
E) pathogenic fungi 
A) Gram positive bacteria 
B) Gram negative bacteria 
C) Staphylococcus aureus 
D) Streptococcus pyogenes 
E) pathogenic fungi

Question 18

By what mechanism does the enzyme streptokinase allow Streptococcus pyogenes to spread through tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) By lysing smooth muscle cells. 
B) By lysing skin epithelial cells. 
C) By breaking down fibrin clots. 
D) By lysing red blood cells. 
E) By lysing white blood cells. 
A) By lysing smooth muscle cells. 
B) By lysing skin epithelial cells. 
C) By breaking down fibrin clots. 
D) By lysing red blood cells. 
E) By lysing white blood cells.

Question 19

A person who has strep throat should always be treated with antibiotics to reduce the risk of sequelae.What are the two most common sequelae?

Accepted Answer

A) Toxic shock syndrome and scarlet fever. 
B) Glomerulonephritis and scarlet fever. 
C) Toxic shock syndrome and pneumonia. 
D) Glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. 
E) Scarlet fever and rheumatic fever. 
A) Toxic shock syndrome and scarlet fever. 
B) Glomerulonephritis and scarlet fever. 
C) Toxic shock syndrome and pneumonia. 
D) Glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. 
E) Scarlet fever and rheumatic fever.

Question 20

Exotoxins that act specifically on the intestine are called __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Exotoxins that act specifically on the intestine...

Exam 21: Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Bacterial Infections

Fibronectin-binding proteins are associated with which of these bacteria? (Select all that apply)

Verotoxins are associated with which of these bacteria?

Enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are weak superantigens.

Pathogenicity islands are blocks of genes on the bacterial chromosome that most likely arose from this process.

Bacteria can steal iron from host cells through their production of:

Which of these cytokines would be present in high levels in a person with active tuberculosis? (Select all that apply)

Tuberculosis can be caused by: (Select all that apply)

The paralysis observed in botulism sufferers is a result of: (Select all that apply)

Which of these is NOT a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer?

Horizontal gene transfer by bacteriophage is thought to be a very rare mechanism.

Listeriolysin is a cytolysin produced under acidic conditions by Listeria monocytogenes.What does this exotoxin allows the pathogen to do?

Staphylococcus aureus produces a fibronectin-binding protein as a virulence factor to aid in which activity?

For most pathogenic bacteria,what is the first step it takes to facilitate entry into its host?

Botulinum toxin belongs to a group of toxins called A-B toxins.What does the term "A-B" refer to?

Syntaxin can bind to: (Select all that apply)

Streptococcus pyogenes is not efficiently opsonized for phagocytosis because of this component of its capsule.

Which of these are associated with Type III secretion systems?

By what mechanism does the enzyme streptokinase allow Streptococcus pyogenes to spread through tissue?

A person who has strep throat should always be treated with antibiotics to reduce the risk of sequelae.What are the two most common sequelae?

Exotoxins that act specifically on the intestine are called __________________.

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