Question 1

Which best describes a photoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Utilizes sunlight for energy and organic molecules as a carbon source. 
B)  Utilizes sunlight as an energy source to fix carbon dioxide. 
C)  Emits light from the breakdown of organic carbon. 
D)  Emits light from the fixation of carbon dioxide. 
E)  Uses organic compounds as a source of carbon and energy. 
A)  Utilizes sunlight for energy and organic molecules as a carbon source. 
B)  Utilizes sunlight as an energy source to fix carbon dioxide. 
C)  Emits light from the breakdown of organic carbon. 
D)  Emits light from the fixation of carbon dioxide. 
E)  Uses organic compounds as a source of carbon and energy.

Question 2

This early microbiologist used a swan-necked flask to help disprove the Theory of Spontaneous Generation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Louis Pasteur 
B)  Edward Jenner 
C)  Robert Koch 
D)  John Tyndall 
E)  Anton van Leeuwenhoek 
A)  Louis Pasteur 
B)  Edward Jenner 
C)  Robert Koch 
D)  John Tyndall 
E)  Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

Which of these is an example of a macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  an amino acid 
B)  a nucleoside 
C)  a protein 
D)  a purine 
E)  a monosaccharide 
A)  an amino acid 
B)  a nucleoside 
C)  a protein 
D)  a purine 
E)  a monosaccharide

Question 4

The __________ Theory is used to explain the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

endosymbio

Question 5

The study of microbiology includes all of the following EXCEPT _____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  plants 
B)  viruses 
C)  bacteria 
D)  fungi 
E)  algae 
A)  plants 
B)  viruses 
C)  bacteria 
D)  fungi 
E)  algae

Question 6

Which best describes the Cyanobacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  First prokaryote to contain mitochondria. 
B)  First appeared on earth about 3.5 billion years ago. 
C)  Carry out oxygenic photosynthesis. 
D)  Members of the Archaea domain. 
E)  A type of eukaryotic algae. 
A)  First prokaryote to contain mitochondria. 
B)  First appeared on earth about 3.5 billion years ago. 
C)  Carry out oxygenic photosynthesis. 
D)  Members of the Archaea domain. 
E)  A type of eukaryotic algae.

Question 7

Microbial nitrogen fixation is the conversion of ammonia into dinitrogen gas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

All of the following are properties that make microbes excellent models for studying basic processes in biology,EXCEPT that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are easy to grow. 
B)  are easy to manipulate genetically. 
C)  contain a very large number of genes. 
D)  are relatively inexpensive to maintain in the lab. 
E)  are easy to manipulate for the production of proteins and enzymes. 
A)  are easy to grow. 
B)  are easy to manipulate genetically. 
C)  contain a very large number of genes. 
D)  are relatively inexpensive to maintain in the lab. 
E)  are easy to manipulate for the production of proteins and enzymes.

Question 9

What term applies to the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate for the generation of energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  gluconeogenesis 
B)  Krebs cycle 
C)  lactate fermentation 
D)  pentose phosphate pathway 
E)  glycolysis 
A)  gluconeogenesis 
B)  Krebs cycle 
C)  lactate fermentation 
D)  pentose phosphate pathway 
E)  glycolysis

Question 10

What are the three Domains of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monera, Animals, and Plants 
B)  Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya 
C)  Prokaryote, Eukaryote, and Fungi 
D)  Animals, Plants, and Bacteria 
E)  Animals, Plants, and Protista 
A)  Monera, Animals, and Plants 
B)  Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya 
C)  Prokaryote, Eukaryote, and Fungi 
D)  Animals, Plants, and Bacteria 
E)  Animals, Plants, and Protista

Question 11

During nitrogen fixation,microorganisms convert:

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrate to dinitrogen gas. 
B)  dinitrogen gas to ammonia. 
C)  ammonia to dinitrogen gas. 
D)  dinitrogen gas to nitrate. 
E)  ammonia to nitrate. 
A)  nitrate to dinitrogen gas. 
B)  dinitrogen gas to ammonia. 
C)  ammonia to dinitrogen gas. 
D)  dinitrogen gas to nitrate. 
E)  ammonia to nitrate.

Question 12

The discovery of ribozymes provide evidence that life on the early Earth may have been based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  polysaccharides. 
A)  DNA. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  polysaccharides.

Question 13

Which of these is considered to be the smallest unit of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nucleus 
B)  the mitochondrion 
C)  a plasmid 
D)  the cell 
E)  a prion 
A)  the nucleus 
B)  the mitochondrion 
C)  a plasmid 
D)  the cell 
E)  a prion

Question 14

DNA contributes about 2 to 5% to the dry weight of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Polypeptides are the most abundant macromolecule in the cell on a dry weight basis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Viruses are considered "nonliving" for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  need a host cell for replication. 
B)  are metabolically inert. 
C)  possess DNA that can evolve. 
D)  do not maintain internal homeostasis. 
E)  are not responsive to environmental changes. 
A)  need a host cell for replication. 
B)  are metabolically inert. 
C)  possess DNA that can evolve. 
D)  do not maintain internal homeostasis. 
E)  are not responsive to environmental changes.

Question 17

A chemoautotroph:

Accepted Answer

A)  obtains carbon and energy from organic molecules. 
B)  obtains energy from the sun and carbon from organic molecules. 
C)  obtains energy from the sun and carbon from inorganic molecules. 
D)  obtains carbon and energy from inorganic molecules. 
E)  obtains energy from the sun and carbon from carbon dioxide only. 
A)  obtains carbon and energy from organic molecules. 
B)  obtains energy from the sun and carbon from organic molecules. 
C)  obtains energy from the sun and carbon from inorganic molecules. 
D)  obtains carbon and energy from inorganic molecules. 
E)  obtains energy from the sun and carbon from carbon dioxide only.

Question 18

Which of these is a yeast that is commonly used as a model organism to study many cellular features and processes in biological research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli 
B)  Penicillium notatum 
C)  Bacillus subtilis 
D)  Aspergillus niger 
E)  Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
A)  Escherichia coli 
B)  Penicillium notatum 
C)  Bacillus subtilis 
D)  Aspergillus niger 
E)  Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 19

The atmosphere of the early earth contained very small amounts of carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is the he most prolific source of genetic variation in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  mitosis 
C)  transcription 
D)  translation 
E)  viral insertion 
A)  mutation 
B)  mitosis 
C)  transcription 
D)  translation 
E)  viral insertion

Exam 1: The Microbial World

Which best describes a photoautotroph?

This early microbiologist used a swan-necked flask to help disprove the Theory of Spontaneous Generation.

Which of these is an example of a macromolecule?

The __________ Theory is used to explain the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells.

The study of microbiology includes all of the following EXCEPT _____ .

Which best describes the Cyanobacteria?

Microbial nitrogen fixation is the conversion of ammonia into dinitrogen gas.

All of the following are properties that make microbes excellent models for studying basic processes in biology,EXCEPT that they:

What term applies to the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate for the generation of energy?

What are the three Domains of life?

During nitrogen fixation,microorganisms convert:

The discovery of ribozymes provide evidence that life on the early Earth may have been based on:

Which of these is considered to be the smallest unit of life?

DNA contributes about 2 to 5% to the dry weight of the cell.

Polypeptides are the most abundant macromolecule in the cell on a dry weight basis.

Viruses are considered "nonliving" for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that they:

A chemoautotroph:

Which of these is a yeast that is commonly used as a model organism to study many cellular features and processes in biological research?

The atmosphere of the early earth contained very small amounts of carbon dioxide.

What is the he most prolific source of genetic variation in living organisms?

Bacteria

Eukaryal Microbes

Archaea

Viruses

Cultivating Microorganisms

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Viral Replication Strategies

Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Microbial Genomics

Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Biotechnology

Metabolism

Biogeochemical Cycles

Microbial Ecosystems

The Microbiology of Food and Water

Microbial Symbionts

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

Adaptive Immunity

Survival in the Host

Viral Pathogenesis

Eukaryal Microbe Pathogenesis

Control of Infectious Diseases

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