Question 1

Which of these results in immunological memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The innate immune response. 
B)  The adaptive immune response. 
C)  The non-specific immune response. 
D)  Passive immunity from mother to offspring. 
E)  Immune mechanisms present at birth. 
A)  The innate immune response. 
B)  The adaptive immune response. 
C)  The non-specific immune response. 
D)  Passive immunity from mother to offspring. 
E)  Immune mechanisms present at birth. B

Question 2

Which one of the following is NOT a nonspecific natural defense barrier against microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  ciliated epithelial cells 
B)  lysozyme 
C)  mucus 
D)  antimicrobial peptides 
E)  antibodies 
A)  ciliated epithelial cells 
B)  lysozyme 
C)  mucus 
D)  antimicrobial peptides 
E)  antibodies E

Question 3

When the antibody class IgE binds to mast cells or basophils,what does it stimulate them to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance phagocytosis 
B)  produce more antibody 
C)  undergo degranulation 
D)  activate complement 
E)  differentiate into lymphocytes 
A)  enhance phagocytosis 
B)  produce more antibody 
C)  undergo degranulation 
D)  activate complement 
E)  differentiate into lymphocytes C

Question 4

________ ________ receptors are an important group of PRRs that recognize specific PAMPs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ ________ receptors are an important group...

Question 5

Macrophages are phagocytic cells found in certain body tissues.Macrophages are differentiated from which of these cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  monocytes 
B)  basophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  eosinophils 
E)  neutrophils 
A)  monocytes 
B)  basophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  eosinophils 
E)  neutrophils

Question 6

What is the term for small proinflammatory protein molecules that are secreted by various cells to signal other cells of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactoferrins 
B)  cytokines 
C)  immunogens 
D)  antigens 
E)  defensins. 
A)  lactoferrins 
B)  cytokines 
C)  immunogens 
D)  antigens 
E)  defensins.

Question 7

Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)are molecular signatures of microbes that are easily recognized by a host as being of foreign origin.Which of the following is NOT an example of a PAMP?

Accepted Answer

A)  lipopolysaccharide 
B)  membrane-associated ETS protein 
C)  lipid A 
D)  teichoic acid 
E)  mannose of yeast cell walls 
A)  lipopolysaccharide 
B)  membrane-associated ETS protein 
C)  lipid A 
D)  teichoic acid 
E)  mannose of yeast cell walls

Question 8

NK cells can recognize and destroy cancer cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

TLR-3 recognizes double-stranded RNA.The presence of double stranded RNA in a cell usually indicates the cell is infected by which of these?

Accepted Answer

A)  a Gram negative bacterium 
B)  an RNA virus 
C)  a Gram positive bacterium 
D)  a protozoan 
E)  yeast 
A)  a Gram negative bacterium 
B)  an RNA virus 
C)  a Gram positive bacterium 
D)  a protozoan 
E)  yeast

Question 10

What is the action of the granzymes released by Natural Killer cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  To lyse pathogen infected cells. 
B)  To induce apoptosis in pathogen infected cells. 
C)  To enhance phagocytosis. 
D)  To produce pores in the pathogen membrane. 
E)  To destroy parasitic worms. 
A)  To lyse pathogen infected cells. 
B)  To induce apoptosis in pathogen infected cells. 
C)  To enhance phagocytosis. 
D)  To produce pores in the pathogen membrane. 
E)  To destroy parasitic worms.

Question 11

The invertebrate immune response involves ALL of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytic amoebocytes. 
B)  antimicrobial peptides. 
C)  antibody producing B-cells. 
D)  opsonization of microbes by lectins. 
E)  melanin encapsulation of microbes. 
A)  phagocytic amoebocytes. 
B)  antimicrobial peptides. 
C)  antibody producing B-cells. 
D)  opsonization of microbes by lectins. 
E)  melanin encapsulation of microbes.

Question 12

All of the following are clinical signs of inflammation at the site of injury EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  swelling. 
B)  heat. 
C)  constriction of blood vessels. 
D)  redness. 
E)  formation of pus. 
A)  swelling. 
B)  heat. 
C)  constriction of blood vessels. 
D)  redness. 
E)  formation of pus.

Question 13

All of the following are important properties of the skin that help protect us against pathogen colonization EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  our resident microbial population. 
B)  keratinized epithelial cells on the surface. 
C)  a layer of oil above the epidermis. 
D)  high skin temperature. 
E)  moderately acidic (pH 5) environment. 
A)  our resident microbial population. 
B)  keratinized epithelial cells on the surface. 
C)  a layer of oil above the epidermis. 
D)  high skin temperature. 
E)  moderately acidic (pH 5) environment.

Question 14

Which of these most directly can lead to septic shock?

Accepted Answer

A)  A pathogen invades the bloodstream. 
B)  The inflammatory response spreads through the entire body. 
C)  The pathogen infects a vital organ. 
D)  The inflammatory response is repressed. 
E)  An infection is established in deep tissue. 
A)  A pathogen invades the bloodstream. 
B)  The inflammatory response spreads through the entire body. 
C)  The pathogen infects a vital organ. 
D)  The inflammatory response is repressed. 
E)  An infection is established in deep tissue.

Question 15

The classical pathway of complement activation starts with the binding of C1 to the surface of the microbe by recognition of ANY of the following on the pathogen surface EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  C-reactive protein. 
B)  bound antibody. 
C)  mannose-binding lectin. 
D)  LPS of Gram negative bacteria. 
E)  teichoic acids of Gram positive bacteria. 
A)  C-reactive protein. 
B)  bound antibody. 
C)  mannose-binding lectin. 
D)  LPS of Gram negative bacteria. 
E)  teichoic acids of Gram positive bacteria.

Question 16

Term for the coating of a microbial surface by PRRs,complement,and/or antibodies for the enhancement of phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  marking 
B)  recognition 
C)  opsonization 
D)  adjuvant 
E)  endocytosis 
A)  marking 
B)  recognition 
C)  opsonization 
D)  adjuvant 
E)  endocytosis

Question 17

The body's programmed nonspecific response to tissue injury is called ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The body's programmed nonspecific response to tissue...

Question 18

Insects are able to produce antimicrobial peptides to protect themselves from some pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which is an example of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The development of a specific antibody response. 
B)  An immunization. 
C)  The development of a specific cell mediated response. 
D)  The removal of a bacterial cell in the lungs by a resident macrophage. 
E)  A quick immune response against an influenza virus because of a previous exposure. 
A)  The development of a specific antibody response. 
B)  An immunization. 
C)  The development of a specific cell mediated response. 
D)  The removal of a bacterial cell in the lungs by a resident macrophage. 
E)  A quick immune response against an influenza virus because of a previous exposure.

Question 20

What are toll-like receptors (TLRs)?

Accepted Answer

A)  PAMPs found in invertebrates. 
B)  PAMPs found in vertebrates. 
C)  PRRs found in vertebrates and invertebrates. 
D)  PRRs found only in vertebrates. 
E)  PAMPs found in vertebrates and invertebrates. 
A)  PAMPs found in invertebrates. 
B)  PAMPs found in vertebrates. 
C)  PRRs found in vertebrates and invertebrates. 
D)  PRRs found only in vertebrates. 
E)  PAMPs found in vertebrates and invertebrates.

Exam 19: Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

Which of these results in immunological memory?

Which one of the following is NOT a nonspecific natural defense barrier against microbial invasion?

When the antibody class IgE binds to mast cells or basophils,what does it stimulate them to do?

________ ________ receptors are an important group of PRRs that recognize specific PAMPs.

Macrophages are phagocytic cells found in certain body tissues.Macrophages are differentiated from which of these cells?

What is the term for small proinflammatory protein molecules that are secreted by various cells to signal other cells of the immune system?

Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)are molecular signatures of microbes that are easily recognized by a host as being of foreign origin.Which of the following is NOT an example of a PAMP?

NK cells can recognize and destroy cancer cells.

TLR-3 recognizes double-stranded RNA.The presence of double stranded RNA in a cell usually indicates the cell is infected by which of these?

What is the action of the granzymes released by Natural Killer cells?

The invertebrate immune response involves ALL of the following EXCEPT:

All of the following are clinical signs of inflammation at the site of injury EXCEPT:

All of the following are important properties of the skin that help protect us against pathogen colonization EXCEPT:

Which of these most directly can lead to septic shock?

The classical pathway of complement activation starts with the binding of C1 to the surface of the microbe by recognition of ANY of the following on the pathogen surface EXCEPT:

Term for the coating of a microbial surface by PRRs,complement,and/or antibodies for the enhancement of phagocytosis.

The body's programmed nonspecific response to tissue injury is called ___________________.

Insects are able to produce antimicrobial peptides to protect themselves from some pathogens.

Which is an example of innate immunity?

What are toll-like receptors (TLRs)?

The Microbial World

Bacteria

Eukaryal Microbes

Archaea

Viruses

Cultivating Microorganisms

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Viral Replication Strategies

Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Microbial Genomics

Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Biotechnology

Metabolism

Biogeochemical Cycles

Microbial Ecosystems

The Microbiology of Food and Water

Microbial Symbionts

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Adaptive Immunity

Survival in the Host

Viral Pathogenesis

Eukaryal Microbe Pathogenesis

Control of Infectious Diseases

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