Exam 7: Use of the Energy Nutrients: Metabolism and Balance

Dental hygienists should counsel patients on weight control when they recommend that a patient quit smoking because this is within the scope-of-practice.

Metabolic rate is lowest:

Each of the following is true of metabolic interrelationships except one. Which one is the exception?

Stimulation of the satiety center results in a craving for food. If the satiety center of the hypothalamus becomes destroyed, the appetite becomes voracious, resulting in obesity.

The liver performs each of the following actions upon cholesterol except one. Which one is the exception?

The main manifestation of type 2 diabetes is:

Each of the following accurately describes aspects of lipid metabolism except one. Which one is the exception?

Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, has a greater influence on the basal metabolic rate (BMR) than secretions from any other gland. The pituitary gland accounts for a 15% to 20% increase in the BMR during growth of children and adolescents.

Each of the following is true of energy expenditure as it relates to control of weight except one. Which one is the exception?

Symptoms of hypoglycemia include all of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

In addition to producing excessive water within cells, ketoacidosis is a dangerous condition because the brain and nerve cells use ketones for some of their fuel requirements when glucose levels remain low for several days.

Each of the following is a symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus except one. Which one is the exception?

The major waste product of protein catabolism is ammonia. The liver converts ammonia to urea to be excreted by the kidneys.

The macronutrients supplying physiologic energy are carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol. After conversion to glycogen and glycerol, these basic nutrient units are delivered to the cells.

Many patients gain weight after age 25 because the BMR decreases and previous eating habits are maintained without increasing activity.

Psychologic disorders such as anorexia nervosa can become life threatening because a lack of perception of one's undernourishment causes a vicious downward spiral of metabolic imbalances.

Each of the following is a function of the liver except one. Which one is the exception?

Many have hypothesized that the use of noncaloric sweeteners can result in increased caloric intake, because the body's ability to discern that the taste and feel of food in the mouth are providing caloric intake becomes diminished.

During which period of life is the basal metabolic rate (BMR) the highest?

Approximately 90% to 95% of Americans with diabetes have type 1 diabetes mellitus. This form of the disease results from insulin resistance.