Exam 7: Use of the Energy Nutrients: Metabolism and Balance

For adults of all ages, one to two alcoholic drinks daily results in the lowest mortality rate because moderate alcohol consumption provides protective effects on the cardiovascular system.

During oxidation of triglycerides, 1 lb of fat results in 1000 kcal of energy. Ketones are formed when excessive amounts of fat are oxidized for energy.

Which one of the following individuals would be expected to have the highest basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Each of the following recommendations is appropriate for counseling patients with diabetes mellitus except one. Which one is the exception?

Hunger, also known as appetite, is the physiologic drive to eat. Energy balance is maintained when the kilocalorie intake is within 10% of energy needed for body processes and physical activities.

Type 1 diabetes is also referred to as juvenile diabetes because adults do not develop this disease.

Each of the following is true of type 2 diabetes except one. Which one is the exception?

The relationship between exercise and food intake is unclear. Generally, acute exercise increases food intake after the activity, whereas regular exercise decreases food intake.

The best source for assuring optimal glycogen stores is:

The thalamus gland, located in the center of the brain, is important in controlling huger because it contains both a satiety and a hunger center.

Each of the following mechanisms affects the amount eaten at a particular meal except one. Which one is the exception?

Hormones stimulate, but do not retard, the functions of other cells. Hormones act as messengers that principally control metabolic functions that affect the skeletal muscular and nervous systems.

Regardless of whether excessive food intake is in the form of protein, carbohydrate, alcohol, or fat, most excess energy intake is stored in the liver. Fat is a good source of energy, but protein is the preferred fuel.

Catabolism is also called the Krebs cycle. During the Krebs cycle glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are converted to a usable form of energy.

During the last trimester of pregnancy, the BMR increases approximately 15% to 30%. The amount of energy necessary to produce milk for lactation can increase the BMR 40%.

Dental considerations for patients with altered energy intake include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

During times of low caloric intake, high-protein diets successfully build muscle mass because this type of diet utilizes the amino acid metabolic pool to stimulate anabolism of muscle.