Exam 9: Minerals Essential for Calcified Structures

Individuals should consume 30% of the daily value or 300 mg of calcium per serving three or four times daily because under normal conditions, less than one third of the calcium consumed is absorbed.

Consumption of soft drinks is often recommended to increase serum phosphorus levels. Hyperphosphatemia can be a risk factor cardiac disease.

Phytochemicals, which are natural components of foods, are thought to decrease bone mineral density (BMD) by inhibiting remodeling of bone. Caffeine has a negative effect on BMD because it increases calcium excretion.

Each of the following is true of fluoride except one. Which one is the exception?

The ideal dietary calcium-to-phosphorous ratio for adults is 2:1. This ratio enables osteoclasts to deposit bone in areas weakened by stress.

Milk and other dairy products are preferred sources of calcium because lactose enhances calcium absorption.

Hypocalcemia, or deficient levels of calcium in the blood, can be caused by overdoses of cholecalciferol or excessive amounts of vitamin D preparations. Hypocalcemia results in tetany, a neuromuscular disorder.

Each of the following is true of collagen as it relates to bone mineralization and growth except one. Which one is the exception?

Each of the following is true of calcium within the saliva except one. Which one is the exception?

Bones contain one third of the body's magnesium. It is the third most prevalent mineral in teeth.

Each of the following is true of calcium supplements except one. Which one is the exception?

Inadequate calcium intake can be attributed to each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

Periodontal disease, the breakdown of healthy gingival tissue, can be exacerbated by a deficiency of calcium. Oral signs of osteoporosis may include increased density of the lamina dura.

Magnesium plays a major role in blood pressure regulation. The strongest benefit occurs when magnesium is obtained from supplements.

Each of the following is true of phosphorus except one. Which one is the exception?

Magnesium is the third most prevalent mineral in teeth. Enamel contains about three times more magnesium that dentin.

Which of the following does not enhance absorption of calcium supplements?

Actions in which pressure stretches or strains the structure are referred to as compressional forces. Tensional forces are actions in which pressure attempts to increase a structure's volume.

Each of the following is true of formation of teeth except one. Which one is the exception?

When collagen is formed, apatite, a complex composed of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, automatically crystallizes adjacent to the collagen fibers. Formation of collagen requires the presence of protein, vitamin C, and minerals.