Question 1

A scattergram is helpful because it illustrates the

Accepted Answer

A)  magnitude of the relationship between two variables. 
B)  direction (+ or -) of a relationship between two variables. 
C)  presence of a nonlinear relationship between two variables. 
D)  All of these are true. 
E)  a and b 
A)  magnitude of the relationship between two variables. 
B)  direction (+ or -) of a relationship between two variables. 
C)  presence of a nonlinear relationship between two variables. 
D)  All of these are true. 
E)  a and b

Question 2

If X is positively correlated with Y, one can conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  X probably causes changes in Y. 
B)  Y probably causes changes in X. 
C)  changes in X and Y are both probably caused by Z. 
D)  None of these is true. 
A)  X probably causes changes in Y. 
B)  Y probably causes changes in X. 
C)  changes in X and Y are both probably caused by Z. 
D)  None of these is true.

Question 3

The correlation between a predictor and a criterion is .84.This means that the criterion has about ____ percent of its variance in common with the predictor.

Accepted Answer

A)  16 
B)  42 
C)  70 
D)  84 
A)  16 
B)  42 
C)  70 
D)  84

Question 4

If one compared an r of .90 and an r of .45 in terms of the magnitude of the relationship expressed, one would say that

Accepted Answer

A)  an r of .90 indicates twice as much relationship as an r of .45. 
B)  an r of .90 indicates approximately four times as much relationship as an r of .45. 
C)  an r of .90 indicates a high relationship, while an r of .45 indicates a low relationship. 
D)  b and c 
A)  an r of .90 indicates twice as much relationship as an r of .45. 
B)  an r of .90 indicates approximately four times as much relationship as an r of .45. 
C)  an r of .90 indicates a high relationship, while an r of .45 indicates a low relationship. 
D)  b and c

Question 5

Under which of the following conditions would one expect multiple correlation coefficients to show relatively large shrinkage?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the original sample is small 
B)  When the original sample is large 
A)  When the original sample is small 
B)  When the original sample is large

Question 6

If one fails to reject the null hypothesis in a multiple regression analysis, then one concludes

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no evidence for a relation between the combination of independent variables and the dependent variable. 
B)  the observed relationship between the independent variables in combination and the dependent variable is greater than would be expected by chance. 
C)  the population correlation between X and Y is not zero. 
D)  the population correlation between X and Y is less than zero. 
A)  there is no evidence for a relation between the combination of independent variables and the dependent variable. 
B)  the observed relationship between the independent variables in combination and the dependent variable is greater than would be expected by chance. 
C)  the population correlation between X and Y is not zero. 
D)  the population correlation between X and Y is less than zero.

Question 7

The technique used to find the relationship between two variables when the common influence of one or more variables is removed is called

Accepted Answer

A)  partial correlation. 
B)  multiple correlation. 
C)  correlation ratio. 
D)  tetrachoric correlation. 
A)  partial correlation. 
B)  multiple correlation. 
C)  correlation ratio. 
D)  tetrachoric correlation.

Question 8

The standard error of estimate, se, is the standard deviation of

Accepted Answer

A)  the predicted scores on Y. 
B)  the distribution of the observed Y scores. 
C)  the differences between actual and predicted Y scores. 
D)  the X scores used to predict Y. 
A)  the predicted scores on Y. 
B)  the distribution of the observed Y scores. 
C)  the differences between actual and predicted Y scores. 
D)  the X scores used to predict Y.

Question 9

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between gender and watching a specific TV program or another in the same time slot.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson's r 
B)  Spearman rho 
C)  phi coefficient 
A)  Pearson's r 
B)  Spearman rho 
C)  phi coefficient

Question 10

A correlational design often achieves control through the use of

Accepted Answer

A) counterbalancing. 
B) random selection. 
C) partial correlation. 
D) matching. 
A) counterbalancing. 
B) random selection. 
C) partial correlation. 
D) matching.

Question 11

Exhibit 13-2: Choose the correlation coefficient that matches the following types of scales.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-2.Both variables are on an ordinal scale.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson's r 
B)  Spearman rho 
C)  phi coefficient 
A)  Pearson's r 
B)  Spearman rho 
C)  phi coefficient

Question 12

Exhibit 13-7: Choose the index of correlation appropriate for use in each of the following.
Exhibit
-Refer to Exhibit 13-7.Final exam scores in algebra and scores on a math aptitude test

Accepted Answer

A)  Spearman rho 
B)  Pearson's r 
C)  Phi coefficient 
A)  Spearman rho 
B)  Pearson's r 
C)  Phi coefficient

Question 13

If one wanted to determine the degree of variability of the actual Y scores about the predicted Y scores, the appropriate statistic is

Accepted Answer

A)  standard error of estimate. 
B)  standard deviation of the predicted Y scores. 
C)  standard deviation of the predictor scores. 
D)  standard error of measurement. 
E)  standard error of Y. 
A)  standard error of estimate. 
B)  standard deviation of the predicted Y scores. 
C)  standard deviation of the predictor scores. 
D)  standard error of measurement. 
E)  standard error of Y.

Question 14

One would predict that the sons of a large group of the tallest pro basketball players will have a mean height somewhat less than that of their fathers.This can be explained by the phenomenon of

Accepted Answer

A)  errors of measurement. 
B)  regression. 
C)  standard error of estimate. 
D)  correlation. 
A)  errors of measurement. 
B)  regression. 
C)  standard error of estimate. 
D)  correlation.

Question 15

Assume you have developed a short vocabulary test that you think is as good as the longer and more expensive standardized test you have been using to predict students' performance in English.How would you go about showing that your test could be a replacement for the standardized test?

Accepted Answer

To demonstrate that my short vocabulary

Question 16

When testing the statistical significance of a correlation coefficient, the null hypothesis states

Accepted Answer

A)  $\rho$ = 0, the population correlation is zero. 
B)  $\rho$ = +1.00 or -1.00, the population correlation is +1.00 or -1.00. 
C)  r = 0, the sample correlation is zero. 
D)  r = +1.00 or -1.00 the sample correlation is +1.00 or -1.00. 
A)  $\rho$ = 0, the population correlation is zero. 
B)  $\rho$ = +1.00 or -1.00, the population correlation is +1.00 or -1.00. 
C)  r = 0, the sample correlation is zero. 
D)  r = +1.00 or -1.00 the sample correlation is +1.00 or -1.00.

Question 17

A research study found that the multiple correlation (R) of three variables (SAT, HS rank, and HS GPA) with freshman college GPA was .60.The researcher would report that

Accepted Answer

A)  the average correlation of each of the variables with college GPA is .20. 
B)  60 percent of the variance in college GPA can be explained by the combined variables. 
C)  36 percent of the variance in college GPA can be explained by the three variables in combination. 
A)  the average correlation of each of the variables with college GPA is .20. 
B)  60 percent of the variance in college GPA can be explained by the combined variables. 
C)  36 percent of the variance in college GPA can be explained by the three variables in combination.

Question 18

Why is the null hypothesis in a correlation hypothesis test usually that the population correlation is zero?

Accepted Answer

It is partly due to tradition, but there

Question 19

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between passing or failing a test and responses on a survey item answered "yes" or "no."

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson's r 
B)  Spearman's rho 
C)  phi coefficient 
A)  Pearson's r 
B)  Spearman's rho 
C)  phi coefficient

Question 20

Exhibit 13-4: The following are the results of three factor analyses from tests 1 and 2.Data shown are factor loadings.
 $\begin{array}{llllll}
&\text { Test 1} &&&\text { Test 2} \
&\text {Factor}&&&\text {Factor}\
\text { Subtests }&A& B &C&A& B \
\
\text { Math computation } & .05 & .22 & .20 & .15 & .45 \
\text { Math concepts } & .08 & .18 & .15 & .20 & .85 \
\text { Math applications } & 10 & .15 & .12 & .12 & .89 \
\text { Math principles } & .01 & .10 & .09 & .10 & .84 \
\text { Reading comprehension } & .90 & .38 & .52 & .09 & .10 \
\text { English } & .78 & .62 & .25 & .38 & 21
\end{array}$
-Refer to Exhibit 13-4.Test 2, Factor B appears to be a measure of

Accepted Answer

A)  reading comprehension. 
B)  English usage. 
C)  math understanding and application. 
D)  math computation. 
A)  reading comprehension. 
B)  English usage. 
C)  math understanding and application. 
D)  math computation.

A scattergram is helpful because it illustrates the

If X is positively correlated with Y, one can conclude that

The correlation between a predictor and a criterion is .84.This means that the criterion has about ____ percent of its variance in common with the predictor.

If one compared an r of .90 and an r of .45 in terms of the magnitude of the relationship expressed, one would say that

Under which of the following conditions would one expect multiple correlation coefficients to show relatively large shrinkage?

If one fails to reject the null hypothesis in a multiple regression analysis, then one concludes

The technique used to find the relationship between two variables when the common influence of one or more variables is removed is called

The standard error of estimate, s_e, is the standard deviation of

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between gender and watching a specific TV program or another in the same time slot.

A correlational design often achieves control through the use of

Exhibit 13-2: Choose the correlation coefficient that matches the following types of scales. -Refer to Exhibit 13-2.Both variables are on an ordinal scale.

Exhibit 13-7: Choose the index of correlation appropriate for use in each of the following. Exhibit -Refer to Exhibit 13-7.Final exam scores in algebra and scores on a math aptitude test

If one wanted to determine the degree of variability of the actual Y scores about the predicted Y scores, the appropriate statistic is

One would predict that the sons of a large group of the tallest pro basketball players will have a mean height somewhat less than that of their fathers.This can be explained by the phenomenon of

Assume you have developed a short vocabulary test that you think is as good as the longer and more expensive standardized test you have been using to predict students' performance in English.How would you go about showing that your test could be a replacement for the standardized test?

When testing the statistical significance of a correlation coefficient, the null hypothesis states

A research study found that the multiple correlation (R) of three variables (SAT, HS rank, and HS GPA) with freshman college GPA was .60.The researcher would report that

Why is the null hypothesis in a correlation hypothesis test usually that the population correlation is zero?

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between passing or failing a test and responses on a survey item answered "yes" or "no."

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters

Exam 13: Correlation Research

A scattergram is helpful because it illustrates the

If X is positively correlated with Y, one can conclude that

The correlation between a predictor and a criterion is .84.This means that the criterion has about ____ percent of its variance in common with the predictor.

If one compared an r of .90 and an r of .45 in terms of the magnitude of the relationship expressed, one would say that

Under which of the following conditions would one expect multiple correlation coefficients to show relatively large shrinkage?

If one fails to reject the null hypothesis in a multiple regression analysis, then one concludes

The technique used to find the relationship between two variables when the common influence of one or more variables is removed is called

The standard error of estimate, se, is the standard deviation of

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between gender and watching a specific TV program or another in the same time slot.

A correlational design often achieves control through the use of

Exhibit 13-2: Choose the correlation coefficient that matches the following types of scales. -Refer to Exhibit 13-2.Both variables are on an ordinal scale.

Exhibit 13-7: Choose the index of correlation appropriate for use in each of the following. Exhibit -Refer to Exhibit 13-7.Final exam scores in algebra and scores on a math aptitude test

If one wanted to determine the degree of variability of the actual Y scores about the predicted Y scores, the appropriate statistic is

One would predict that the sons of a large group of the tallest pro basketball players will have a mean height somewhat less than that of their fathers.This can be explained by the phenomenon of

Assume you have developed a short vocabulary test that you think is as good as the longer and more expensive standardized test you have been using to predict students' performance in English.How would you go about showing that your test could be a replacement for the standardized test?

When testing the statistical significance of a correlation coefficient, the null hypothesis states

A research study found that the multiple correlation (R) of three variables (SAT, HS rank, and HS GPA) with freshman college GPA was .60.The researcher would report that

Why is the null hypothesis in a correlation hypothesis test usually that the population correlation is zero?

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between passing or failing a test and responses on a survey item answered "yes" or "no."

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters

The standard error of estimate, s_e, is the standard deviation of