Exam 1: Understanding Earth: A Dynamic and Evolving Planet

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According to the theory of organic evolution,all living organisms are related,and they descended with some modifications from organisms that lived in the past.

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Physical geology is the study of ____________________.

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Earth materials,such as rocks and minerals,as well as the processes operating within Earth and on its surface

Briefly explain how the themes of plate tectonics,organic evolution,and geologic time provide a cohesive story of the history of Earth.

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Earth has evolved internally and externally.As internal processes were established,they played a role in what was happening on the surface of Earth as the atmosphere,hydrosphere,and landmasses developed.Organic evolution was directly dependent on development of favorable conditions for different life forms.The net result of the physical,chemical,and biological evolution of Earth has been profound,particularly,in light of the amount of time necessary for those changes to take place (synthesis).

What is the basic premise of the principle of uniformitarianism?

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What is the name of the method that is used to determine the absolute age of a rock body?

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How do igneous rocks form?

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Name,locate,and describe Earth's three concentric layers.What are these divisions based on and what volume does each layer take up?

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Natural selection refers to survival of organisms that are best adapted to their environment.

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What extremely important theory is as foundational and unifying to geology as the theory of evolution is to biology?

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What is the greenhouse effect,and how does it work? What happens when greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere increase?

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The two types of crust are continental and lithospheric.

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The scientific theory for the origin of our solar system,involving the condensation and collapse of interstellar material in a spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy,is the ____________________ theory.

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When the universe originated,it was composed of 100% ____________________ and ____________________,but now consists of ____________________% hydrogen and 2% ____________________ elements.

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The three major groups of rocks are ____________________,____________________,and ____________________.

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In 19th century,geologists developed the geologic time scale using

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The solar nebula theory of the formation of the solar system accounts for the differences in composition between the terrestrial and Jovian planets.

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At the moment of the Big Bang,both ____ and ____ were compressed into an infinitely small high-temperature and high-density state.

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The crust and the underlying uppermost mantle make up the ____________________.

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Science does not utilize beliefs or supernatural explanations because they

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The two types of crust are ____________________ and ____________________.

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