Exam 11: Running Water

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The percentage of the Earth's water that is fresh water that is not frozen is:

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Why does the velocity of a stream generally increase downstream even though the gradient decreases?

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Velocity generally increases downstream because channels are generally smoother downstream and because stream volume tends to increase as more tributaries enter downstream.

If boulders are deposited high along the sides of a river bed we can concude that the stream was once much higher than it is today.

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The ultimate base level for a stream is:

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How do oxbow lakes form?

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Former meanders that have been cut off from the stream are called ____________________.

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When flow is restricted to long,troughlike depressions,the flow is known as ____________________ flow.

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Briefly explain the trade-offs that accompany any flood control project.

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Ridges of alluvium left along a stream's margins by repeated deposition during floods are called ____________________.

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Streams of rivers possess two kinds of energy.Potential energy is the energy of:

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Dissolved load is the:

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In the hydrologic cycle,what happens to the precipitation that falls on the land?

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The gradient of streams tends to be ____________________ in their upper reaches and ____________________ in their lower reaches.

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The percentage of Earth's water that is in the oceans is:

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The renewal of erosion that results in creation of stream terraces is generally attributed to a change in ____________________ level,or a change in climate resulting in greater ____________________,and thus,discharge.

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Since levees can protect many areas during floods,why are they controversial?

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What causes a delta to form?

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A change in base level leading to formation of stream terraces can come about by ____________________ of the land over which the stream flows,or a(n)____________________ of sea level.

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What are the three types of beds characteristically exhibited by a prograding delta?

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What evidence reveals that water may once have been abundant on Mars?

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