Chat with AIExam 4: Igneous Rocks and Intrusive Igneous Activity
How do volcanic necks form?
(42) 
VerifiedMagma travels from the magma chamber through a volcanic pipe to the volcano.When the volcano stops erupting,the solidified magma in the pipe is often more resistant to erosion than the rest of the volcano,so the pipe is left.This remnant of the volcano is called a volcanic neck.
How are basalt and gabbro similar,and how are they different? How about andesite and diorite? Rhyolite and granite? How are basalt,andesite,and rhyolite the same,and how are they different? How about gabbro,diorite,and granite?
(40) VerifiedBasalt and gabbro are both felsic rocks,but basalt is aphanitic due to rapid cooling and gabbro is phaneritic due to slower cooling.The same is true for composition but not cooling rate of andesite,the fine-grained,and diorite,the coarse-grained,equivalents.Rhyolite is a fine-grained,rapid cooling felsic rock,and granite is a coarse-grained,slow cooling felsic rock too.Basalt,andesite,and rhyolite are increasingly felsic fine-grained rocks,and gabbro,diorite,and granite are increasingly felsic coarse-grained rocks.The first set is extrusive,and the second set is intrusive.
Basalt and gabbro are compositional equivalents,which means that they are made up of the same ____________________ but have different ____________________.
(36) Verifiedminerals,textures
Aphanitic,phaneritic,and porphyritic are textural terms that:
(42) The two main categories of igneous rocks are ____________________/____________________ and ____________________/____________________.
(39) Batholiths are mostly emplaced by ____________________ ____________________ as magma moves upward into country rock.
(43) When magma cools rapidly,nucleation (increases/decreases)____________________,the rate of crystal growth (increases/decreases)____________________,and the resulting rock is ____________________-grained.
(39) What are aphanitic and phaneritic textures,and what do they say about the way the rock formed?
(35) What causes volcanism at a subduction zone,and how does Bowen's reaction series explain the composition of the magmas there?
(36) Mantle plumes are the cause of linear volcanic chains and probably flood basalts.
(36) In igneous rocks with porphyritic texture,the larger minerals are phenocrysts,and the smaller minerals collectively make up the groundmass.
(33) Give one reason why rhyolite flows are less common than basalt flows.
(36) Bowen's reaction series explains the order of mineral formation with decreasing temperature.
(44) What two types of volcanic features result from volcanism above a mantle plume? How are hot spots related to plate boundaries?
(37) The largest intrusive bodies are called ____________________,and,by definition,they must have at least ____________________ square kilometers of surface area.
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