Question 1

A mammalian expression cassette used to produce an exogenous gene in a virus vector must have which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

A)  Splicing signals. 
B)  Strong enhancer. 
C)  Polyadenylation signal 
D)  Translational leader sequence 
E)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  Splicing signals. 
B)  Strong enhancer. 
C)  Polyadenylation signal 
D)  Translational leader sequence 
E)  All of the above are correct. E

Question 2

Virus vectors that contain large transgenes do not require a helper virus to be propagated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Adenoviruses that lack which of the following genes can replicate poorly in normal cells but well in many tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  E1A 
B)  E1B 
C)  E2 
D)  E3 
E)  E4 
A)  E1A 
B)  E1B 
C)  E2 
D)  E3 
E)  E4 B

Question 4

The EBNA-1 protein from the Epstein-Barr virus is being developed to help improve virus vectors.Which of the following describes how this protein could be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows a vector that contains oriP to be maintained as an episome. 
B)  It stimulates transcription of the transgene incorporated in the vector. 
C)  It inhibits the intrinsic cellular defenses against the vector. 
D)  It allows the cell to tolerate the toxic viral proteins. 
E)  It stimulates cellular DNA replication. 
A)  It allows a vector that contains oriP to be maintained as an episome. 
B)  It stimulates transcription of the transgene incorporated in the vector. 
C)  It inhibits the intrinsic cellular defenses against the vector. 
D)  It allows the cell to tolerate the toxic viral proteins. 
E)  It stimulates cellular DNA replication.

Question 5

A recombinant adenovirus, called Gendicine, has been approved to treat cancer in China.Which of the following proteins does this virus express?

Accepted Answer

A)  p53 
B)  pRb 
C)  p300 
D)  Cre recombinase 
E)  E1A 
A)  p53 
B)  pRb 
C)  p300 
D)  Cre recombinase 
E)  E1A

Question 6

Viruses make good gene therapy vectors because they are highly efficient at delivering nucleic acids to a particular kind of cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Adeno-associated virus can infect dividing as well as nondividing cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The genes to treat most of the severe genetic diseases could fit in the AAV genome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Production of adeno-associated virus (AAV)vectors requires several of the proteins from adenovirus.What is the major advantage of expressing these proteins from plasmids rather than infecting the packaging cells with live adenovirus?

Accepted Answer

A)  There will be no immune response against the infected cells. 
B)  There will be no adenovirus particles in the AAV virus preparations. 
C)  There will be no release of interferon from the infected cells. 
D)  The packaging cells will not become transformed. 
E)  The packaging cells will produce a higher amount of recombinant AAV particles. 
A)  There will be no immune response against the infected cells. 
B)  There will be no adenovirus particles in the AAV virus preparations. 
C)  There will be no release of interferon from the infected cells. 
D)  The packaging cells will not become transformed. 
E)  The packaging cells will produce a higher amount of recombinant AAV particles.

Question 10

Describe two advantages that the third generation adenoviral vectors have over the original first-generation vectors.Explain the methods used to produce a recombinant adenovirus using these third generation vectors.

Accepted Answer

The third generation adenoviral vectors,

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an objective for which virus vectors have been designed?

Accepted Answer

A)  As anticancer agents that specifically kill tumor cells. 
B)  To create genetically modified animals. 
C)  To vaccinate animals and humans against specific diseases. 
D)  To produce specific proteins in cultured cells. 
E)  To provide functional genes in people with genetic diseases. 
A)  As anticancer agents that specifically kill tumor cells. 
B)  To create genetically modified animals. 
C)  To vaccinate animals and humans against specific diseases. 
D)  To produce specific proteins in cultured cells. 
E)  To provide functional genes in people with genetic diseases.

Question 12

Which of the following viruses has been used to produce the best characterized and mostly commonly used virus vectors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lentivirus 
B)  Herpes simplex virus 
C)  Adeno-associated virus 
D)  Adenovirus 
E)  Retrovirus 
A)  Lentivirus 
B)  Herpes simplex virus 
C)  Adeno-associated virus 
D)  Adenovirus 
E)  Retrovirus

Question 13

Retrovirus vectors have been used to treat children who have the genetic disease severe combined immunodeficiency, which results from a mutated T cell receptor gene.What is the advantage of using a retrovirus vector over an adenovirus vector in this situation? Some of the children got T leukemia years after their treatment.How did the treatment cause their cancer?

Accepted Answer

Retroviruses integrate the DNA provirus

Question 14

In the first generation of adenovirus vectors the E3 gene was deleted.How could the virus replicate in the absence of the E3 gene products?

Accepted Answer

A)  A plasmid containing the E3 gene is transfected along with the viral DNA. 
B)  The cell line that the recombinant viruses are grown in carries the E3 gene. 
C)  The E3 gene products are not required for adenovirus replication. 
D)  The transgene inserted into the virus complements for the E3 gene. 
E)  The E3 gene products are packaged into the virions. 
A)  A plasmid containing the E3 gene is transfected along with the viral DNA. 
B)  The cell line that the recombinant viruses are grown in carries the E3 gene. 
C)  The E3 gene products are not required for adenovirus replication. 
D)  The transgene inserted into the virus complements for the E3 gene. 
E)  The E3 gene products are packaged into the virions.

Question 15

Zinc finger nucleases could be used to solve one major disadvantage of using retrovirus vectors in gene therapy treatments.Which of the following disadvantages could they solve?

Accepted Answer

A)  The low levels of transgene expression. 
B)  The stimulation of the immune system by the virus vector. 
C)  The random integration into the host genome. 
D)  The ability to only insert small transgenes in the vector. 
E)  The toxicity of the viral proteins to the transduced cell. 
A)  The low levels of transgene expression. 
B)  The stimulation of the immune system by the virus vector. 
C)  The random integration into the host genome. 
D)  The ability to only insert small transgenes in the vector. 
E)  The toxicity of the viral proteins to the transduced cell.

Question 16

The plasmids that are used to express the retroviral proteins in the packaging cell lines contain the packaging signal (y).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following describes the primary benefit of the third generation adenovirus vectors that lack all of the viral genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can not replicate and kill the cell. 
B)  They do not produce any toxic viral gene products. 
C)  They have more room for a large transgene. 
D)  They do not stimulate an immune response to the virus. 
E)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  They can not replicate and kill the cell. 
B)  They do not produce any toxic viral gene products. 
C)  They have more room for a large transgene. 
D)  They do not stimulate an immune response to the virus. 
E)  All of the above are correct.

Question 18

What is the purpose of gene replacement therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  To change the frequency of genes in the human population. 
B)  To give animals useful traits. 
C)  To treat diseases caused by an inherited mutation. 
D)  To produce adult stem cells for medical treatments. 
E)  To produce proteins to be used as drug treatments. 
A)  To change the frequency of genes in the human population. 
B)  To give animals useful traits. 
C)  To treat diseases caused by an inherited mutation. 
D)  To produce adult stem cells for medical treatments. 
E)  To produce proteins to be used as drug treatments.

Question 19

Which of the following is the primary reason why it is difficult to produce packaging cell lines for both retrovirus and adenovirus vectors?

Accepted Answer

A)  The proteins are degraded by the proteasome in the cell. 
B)  It is difficult to express high levels of the proteins. 
C)  Many of the required viral proteins are toxic to the cell. 
D)  The immune system recognizes the proteins and kills the cell. 
E)  The proteins stimulate the RNAi defenses in the cell. 
A)  The proteins are degraded by the proteasome in the cell. 
B)  It is difficult to express high levels of the proteins. 
C)  Many of the required viral proteins are toxic to the cell. 
D)  The immune system recognizes the proteins and kills the cell. 
E)  The proteins stimulate the RNAi defenses in the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following viruses has been used to express large proteins in cultured cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adenovirus. 
B)  Baculovirus 
C)  Herpes simplex virus 
D)  Both adenovirus and baculovirus 
E)  Both adenovirus and herpes simplex virus 
A)  Adenovirus. 
B)  Baculovirus 
C)  Herpes simplex virus 
D)  Both adenovirus and baculovirus 
E)  Both adenovirus and herpes simplex virus

Exam 37: Eukaryotic Virus Vectors

A mammalian expression cassette used to produce an exogenous gene in a virus vector must have which of the following components?

Virus vectors that contain large transgenes do not require a helper virus to be propagated.

Adenoviruses that lack which of the following genes can replicate poorly in normal cells but well in many tumor cells?

The EBNA-1 protein from the Epstein-Barr virus is being developed to help improve virus vectors.Which of the following describes how this protein could be used?

A recombinant adenovirus, called Gendicine, has been approved to treat cancer in China.Which of the following proteins does this virus express?

Viruses make good gene therapy vectors because they are highly efficient at delivering nucleic acids to a particular kind of cell.

Adeno-associated virus can infect dividing as well as nondividing cells.

The genes to treat most of the severe genetic diseases could fit in the AAV genome.

Production of adeno-associated virus (AAV)vectors requires several of the proteins from adenovirus.What is the major advantage of expressing these proteins from plasmids rather than infecting the packaging cells with live adenovirus?

Describe two advantages that the third generation adenoviral vectors have over the original first-generation vectors.Explain the methods used to produce a recombinant adenovirus using these third generation vectors.

Which of the following is NOT an objective for which virus vectors have been designed?

Which of the following viruses has been used to produce the best characterized and mostly commonly used virus vectors?

In the first generation of adenovirus vectors the E3 gene was deleted.How could the virus replicate in the absence of the E3 gene products?

Zinc finger nucleases could be used to solve one major disadvantage of using retrovirus vectors in gene therapy treatments.Which of the following disadvantages could they solve?

The plasmids that are used to express the retroviral proteins in the packaging cell lines contain the packaging signal (y).

Which of the following describes the primary benefit of the third generation adenovirus vectors that lack all of the viral genes?

What is the purpose of gene replacement therapy?

Which of the following is the primary reason why it is difficult to produce packaging cell lines for both retrovirus and adenovirus vectors?

Which of the following viruses has been used to express large proteins in cultured cells?

Introduction to Virology

Virus Structure and Assembly

Virus Classification: The World of Viruses

Virus Entry

Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophages

Microviruses

Bacteriophage

Bacteriophage Lambda

Viruses of Archaea

Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Picornaviruses

Flaviviruses

Togaviruses

Coronaviruses

Paramyxo-Viruses and Rhabdoviruses

Filovirouses

Bunyaviruses

Influenza Viruses

Reoviruses

Parvoviruses

Polyomaviruses

Papillomaviruses

Adenoviruses

Herpesviruses

Baculoviruses

Poxviruses

Viruses of Algae and Mimivirus

Retroviruses

Human Immunodeficiency

Hepadnaviruses

Viroids and Hepatitis Delta Virus

Prions

Intrinsic Cellular Defenses Against Virus Infection

Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Virus Infection

Antiviral Vaccines

Antiviral Chemotherapy

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