Exam 1: The Ethics of Community-Based Sanctions

According to Steen and Bandy, it is the cultural content of _______________, rather than its outcome, that is its defining feature, and cost is not a logical consideration.

Later, during the last part of the 1700s, it became increasingly common for judges in England to utilize the third alternative method of punishment known as _______________.The use of these was actually at the full discretion of judges, and they were used in cases where judges did not believe that incarceration was proportionate to the crime or in cases where no productive benefit was expected.

Based upon his review of both the proportionality of sanctions and the intrusiveness into the daily lives of individuals, Andrew von Hirsch devised what he termed the _______________.It is within this framework that he argued we should consider both custodial and noncustodial sanctions.

_______________ is based on the notion that all persons have two specific psychological needs: (1) the need to belong and (2) the need for self-worth and recognition.Therapists operating from this theoretical perspective seek to engage the offender in various social groups and to motivate them in achievement-oriented activities.Each of these helps meet the two psychological needs that are at the heart of most all human beings.

The term _______________ refers to alternatives that allow for offenders to be sentenced to a term of imprisonment and probation to be served at the end of the confinement period rather than being placed on parole.