Question 1

Which of the following best describes a "buffer gate" in synthetic biology?

Accepted Answer

A)  A single repressor molecule (R1) prevents the production of an output molecule (Pr1). 
B)  Alternate input molecules (I1 or I2) drive the production of alternative proteins (Prn). 
C)  A single input inducer molecule (I1) leads to the production of a single product (Pr1). 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  A single repressor molecule (R1) prevents the production of an output molecule (Pr1). 
B)  Alternate input molecules (I1 or I2) drive the production of alternative proteins (Prn). 
C)  A single input inducer molecule (I1) leads to the production of a single product (Pr1). 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 2

Which kind of phage vectors are most frequently used in phage display technology?

Accepted Answer

A)  double-stranded DNA T-odd 
B)  double-stranded DNA T-even 
C)  filamentous single-stranded DNA phages 
D)  lambda-based vectors 
E)  none of the above 
A)  double-stranded DNA T-odd 
B)  double-stranded DNA T-even 
C)  filamentous single-stranded DNA phages 
D)  lambda-based vectors 
E)  none of the above

Question 3

Describe the difference between autoradiography and phosphoimaging.

Accepted Answer

In autoradiography, emissions from a rad

Question 4

The colorless molecule o-nitrophenyl galactoside (ONPG) can be used as an artificial substrate in assays of $\beta$-galactosidase in E. coli extracts. Which of the following statements is NOT true with respect to the use of ONPG?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrolysis of ONPG by $\beta$-galactosidase produces yellow o-nitrophenol. 
B)  o-nitrophenol can be measured with a spectrophotometer. 
C)  Hydrolysis of ONPG by $\beta$-galactosidase also releases colorless galactose. 
D)  The o-nitrophenol moiety is blue and more suitable for use in solid media. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Hydrolysis of ONPG by $\beta$-galactosidase produces yellow o-nitrophenol. 
B)  o-nitrophenol can be measured with a spectrophotometer. 
C)  Hydrolysis of ONPG by $\beta$-galactosidase also releases colorless galactose. 
D)  The o-nitrophenol moiety is blue and more suitable for use in solid media. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 5

DNA protection assays identify specific nucleotide-protein contacts. What is the role of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I treatment in footprint analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNase I is used to break DNA previously bound to protein. 
B)  Protein-bound DNA is protected from DNase I and it can be isolated and characterized. 
C)  DNase I prepares protein-bound DNA for sequencing. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  DNase I is used to break DNA previously bound to protein. 
B)  Protein-bound DNA is protected from DNase I and it can be isolated and characterized. 
C)  DNase I prepares protein-bound DNA for sequencing. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 6

What is the biochemical mechanism of acid resistance in E. coli O157:H7?

Accepted Answer

Internal pH falls when E. coli cells are

Question 7

Which technique is used to select novel enzymes or peptides produced through directed evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutagenesis with transposons 
B)  enzyme phage display 
C)  multiplex PCR 
D)  ethane methyl sulfonate mutagenesis 
E)  directional cloning 
A)  mutagenesis with transposons 
B)  enzyme phage display 
C)  multiplex PCR 
D)  ethane methyl sulfonate mutagenesis 
E)  directional cloning

Question 8

Why must double-stranded DNA probes be denatured when used in northern blot experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  to ensure that they are properly radioactively labeled or tagged with a dye 
B)  to ensure that the DNA coding strand hybridizes to RNA on the membrane 
C)  to ensure that both DNA strands bind the single-stranded RNA on the membrane 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  to ensure that they are properly radioactively labeled or tagged with a dye 
B)  to ensure that the DNA coding strand hybridizes to RNA on the membrane 
C)  to ensure that both DNA strands bind the single-stranded RNA on the membrane 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

What type of reporter fusions can expose both transcriptional and translational controls?

Accepted Answer

A)  operon fusions 
B)  gene fusions 
C)  either operon fusions or gene fusions 
D)  a fluorescent protein construct such as gfp, yfp, rfp, etc. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  operon fusions 
B)  gene fusions 
C)  either operon fusions or gene fusions 
D)  a fluorescent protein construct such as gfp, yfp, rfp, etc. 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

His6-fusion-tagged proteins can be isolated by affinity chromatography because the histidine tag tightly binds to:

Accepted Answer

A)  copper 
B)  magnesium 
C)  iron 
D)  calcium 
E)  nickel 
A)  copper 
B)  magnesium 
C)  iron 
D)  calcium 
E)  nickel

Exam 12: Bio-techniques and Synthetic Biology

Which of the following best describes a "buffer gate" in synthetic biology?

Which kind of phage vectors are most frequently used in phage display technology?

Describe the difference between autoradiography and phosphoimaging.

The colorless molecule o-nitrophenyl galactoside (ONPG) can be used as an artificial substrate in assays of β\betaβ -galactosidase in E. coli extracts. Which of the following statements is NOT true with respect to the use of ONPG?

DNA protection assays identify specific nucleotide-protein contacts. What is the role of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I treatment in footprint analysis?

What is the biochemical mechanism of acid resistance in E. coli O157:H7?

Which technique is used to select novel enzymes or peptides produced through directed evolution?

Why must double-stranded DNA probes be denatured when used in northern blot experiments?

What type of reporter fusions can expose both transcriptional and translational controls?

His6-fusion-tagged proteins can be isolated by affinity chromatography because the histidine tag tightly binds to:

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

What Do Winning Organizations Do Well

Understanding Customer Needs

Choosing Which Customers to Serve

Developing a Strong Marketing Plan

Product and Brand Strategies

Pricing Strategies

Channel Strategies

Marketing Communications Strategies

Delivering Customer Value

Building a Customer-Focused Business

Customer Attraction, Satisfaction, and Retention Strategies

Building the Marketing Organization of the Future

Filters

The colorless molecule o-nitrophenyl galactoside (ONPG) can be used as an artificial substrate in assays of $\beta$ -galactosidase in E. coli extracts. Which of the following statements is NOT true with respect to the use of ONPG?

His₆-fusion-tagged proteins can be isolated by affinity chromatography because the histidine tag tightly binds to: