Question 1

Which of the following artificial sweeteners is a chemical derivative of sucrose?

Accepted Answer

A)  saccharin 
B)  cyclamates 
C)  sucralose 
D)  aspartame 
A)  saccharin 
B)  cyclamates 
C)  sucralose 
D)  aspartame C

Question 2

Maltose is composed of the following simple sugars:

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose only 
B)  glucose only 
C)  fructose only 
D)  galactose and glucose 
E)  glucose and fructose
F) galactose and fructose 
A)  galactose only 
B)  glucose only 
C)  fructose only 
D)  galactose and glucose 
E)  glucose and fructose
F) galactose and fructose B

Question 3

A lactone is a cyclic

Accepted Answer

A)  ether. 
B)  ester. 
C)  ketone. 
D)  alcohol. 
A)  ether. 
B)  ester. 
C)  ketone. 
D)  alcohol. B

Question 4

A bacterial cell wall is composed of:

Accepted Answer

A)  A polysaccharide consisting of a single type of monosaccharide unit and cross-linking oligopeptides. 
B)  A polysaccharide consisting of 2 types of monosaccharide units and cross-linking oligopeptides. 
C)  A polysaccharide consisting of 3 types of monosaccharide units and cross-linking oligopeptides. 
D)  Two different polysaccharides and 1 type of oligopeptide, which are cross-linked. 
A)  A polysaccharide consisting of a single type of monosaccharide unit and cross-linking oligopeptides. 
B)  A polysaccharide consisting of 2 types of monosaccharide units and cross-linking oligopeptides. 
C)  A polysaccharide consisting of 3 types of monosaccharide units and cross-linking oligopeptides. 
D)  Two different polysaccharides and 1 type of oligopeptide, which are cross-linked.

Question 5

Which carbon of the open-chain form of a sugar becomes the anomeric carbon in the cyclic form?

Accepted Answer

A)  the carbonyl carbon 
B)  the highest numbered chiral center 
C)  the highest numbered carbon 
D)  It depends on the individual sugar. 
A)  the carbonyl carbon 
B)  the highest numbered chiral center 
C)  the highest numbered carbon 
D)  It depends on the individual sugar.

Question 6

A major difference between amylose and amylopectin is that

Accepted Answer

A)  amylose is connected by a(1-4) bonds and amylopectin is connected by b(1-4) bonds. 
B)  amylose is branched and amylopectin is not. 
C)  amylopectin is branched and amylose is not. 
D)  each is composed different types of sugar residues. 
A)  amylose is connected by a(1-4) bonds and amylopectin is connected by b(1-4) bonds. 
B)  amylose is branched and amylopectin is not. 
C)  amylopectin is branched and amylose is not. 
D)  each is composed different types of sugar residues.

Question 7

Aldoses can form which type of cyclic structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemiacetal 
B)  Hemiketal 
C)  Both hemiacetal and hemiketal 
D)  Neither hemiacetal and hemiketal 
A)  Hemiacetal 
B)  Hemiketal 
C)  Both hemiacetal and hemiketal 
D)  Neither hemiacetal and hemiketal

Question 8

Which of the following is true concerning the molecule pictured?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would give a positive reaction in a Tollen's silver mirror test 
B)  It is a reducing sugar 
C)  It is not a reducing sugar because it is an aldose 
D)  It is not a reducing sugar because the anomeric hydroxyl is methlyated 
A)  It would give a positive reaction in a Tollen's silver mirror test 
B)  It is a reducing sugar 
C)  It is not a reducing sugar because it is an aldose 
D)  It is not a reducing sugar because the anomeric hydroxyl is methlyated

Question 9

Plant starch includes amylopectin and cellulose

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following molecules have the highest degree of a[1-6] branching linkages

Accepted Answer

A)  Amylose 
B)  Amylopectin 
C)  Starch 
D)  Glycogen 
E)  All of these have the same degree of branching 
A)  Amylose 
B)  Amylopectin 
C)  Starch 
D)  Glycogen 
E)  All of these have the same degree of branching

Question 11

Exhibit 16A   Refer to Exhibit 16A.The enantiomer of D-glucose is:

Accepted Answer

A)  D-Fructose 
B)  D-Glucose 
C)  L-Glucose 
D)  L-Idose 
E)  D-Galactose 
A)  D-Fructose 
B)  D-Glucose 
C)  L-Glucose 
D)  L-Idose 
E)  D-Galactose

Question 12

The following sugar is also called blood sugar:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fructose 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Lactose 
D)  Sucrose 
E)  Maltose 
A)  Fructose 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Lactose 
D)  Sucrose 
E)  Maltose

Question 13

Exhibit 16B   A carbohydrate Fischer projection.
Refer to Exhibit 16B.The carbohydrate shown is

Accepted Answer

A)  the D isomer. 
B)  the L isomer. 
C)  both D and L. 
D)  neither D nor L. 
E)  It's impossible to tell from a picture which isomer this is. 
A)  the D isomer. 
B)  the L isomer. 
C)  both D and L. 
D)  neither D nor L. 
E)  It's impossible to tell from a picture which isomer this is.

Question 14

The conversion of a sugar's carbonyl to an alcohol is

Accepted Answer

A)  a reduction reaction. 
B)  an oxidation reaction. 
C)  a glycosidic reaction. 
D)  impossible. 
A)  a reduction reaction. 
B)  an oxidation reaction. 
C)  a glycosidic reaction. 
D)  impossible.

Question 15

Exhibit 16C   A polysaccharide.
Refer to Exhibit 16C.Which best describes the polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  homopolysaccharide 
B)  heteropolysaccharide 
C)  aminopolysaccharide 
D)  cryptopolysaccharide 
A)  homopolysaccharide 
B)  heteropolysaccharide 
C)  aminopolysaccharide 
D)  cryptopolysaccharide

Question 16

Glycogen has a similar structure to amylopectin,but is less highly branched.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Exhibit 16C   A polysaccharide.
Refer to Exhibit 16C.Which lettered subunit is the reducing end?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  There is more than one nonreducing end on this carbohydrate. 
E)  There are no nonreducing ends on this carbohydrate. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  There is more than one nonreducing end on this carbohydrate. 
E)  There are no nonreducing ends on this carbohydrate.

Question 18

Glycogen breakdown proceeds from the nonreducing ends.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is not a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  sucrose 
D)  maltose 
E)  lactose 
A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  sucrose 
D)  maltose 
E)  lactose

Question 20

Which of the following groups is produced when an aldehyde is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

A)  ketone 
B)  carboxyl 
C)  alcohol 
D)  ether 
A)  ketone 
B)  carboxyl 
C)  alcohol 
D)  ether

Exam 16: Carbohydrates

Which of the following artificial sweeteners is a chemical derivative of sucrose?

Maltose is composed of the following simple sugars:

A lactone is a cyclic

A bacterial cell wall is composed of:

Which carbon of the open-chain form of a sugar becomes the anomeric carbon in the cyclic form?

A major difference between amylose and amylopectin is that

Aldoses can form which type of cyclic structure?

Which of the following is true concerning the molecule pictured?

Plant starch includes amylopectin and cellulose

Which of the following molecules have the highest degree of a[1-6] branching linkages

Exhibit 16A Refer to Exhibit 16A.The enantiomer of D-glucose is:

The following sugar is also called blood sugar:

Exhibit 16B A carbohydrate Fischer projection. Refer to Exhibit 16B.The carbohydrate shown is

The conversion of a sugar's carbonyl to an alcohol is

Exhibit 16C A polysaccharide. Refer to Exhibit 16C.Which best describes the polysaccharide?

Glycogen has a similar structure to amylopectin,but is less highly branched.

Exhibit 16C A polysaccharide. Refer to Exhibit 16C.Which lettered subunit is the reducing end?

Glycogen breakdown proceeds from the nonreducing ends.

Which of the following is not a reducing sugar?

Which of the following groups is produced when an aldehyde is oxidized?

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

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